https://www.facebook.com/320394374796091/

Dr. Victor Ngile, Arusha (2026)

17/04/2019

WHEN A COW SHOULD BE INSEMINATED
Cows are normally inseminated about two to three
months after calving once they show signs of heat. They
then go into heat again every 17 to 24 days averaging to
21 days, thus, should be closely observed to
successfully detect heat for proper timing of
insemination. During this period, the cow is likely to
show standing heat, which calls for insemination 10 to
14 hours afterwards. This means cows first seen in
standing heat in the morning should be inseminated in
the afternoon while those observed in the evening
should be served the following morning.

25/03/2019

CARE OF NEW BORN CALF
Important points to remember:
1. Clean nostrils and mouth which helps the calf breathe
better and help prevent future breathing problems.
2. Allow the mother to lick the calf clean which
promotes
circulation within the calf’s body and prepares the calf
to
stand up and walk.
3. Tie the navel cord with a thread at a distance of
around 2 inches from the base and cut the remaining
cord with a clean instrument.
4. Dip the navel (a simple smearing will not serve the
purpose) in 7% or higher tincture of iodine solution and
repeat after 12 hours. (Do not use teat dip or weaker
iodine solutions). A poorly maintained navel is the
gateway to serious infections.
5. A new born calf should be given 2 litres of colostrum
within the frst 2 hours of birth and 1-2 litres (based on
size) within 12 hours of birth.
6. Many calves do not nurse adequate amounts of
colostrum from their dams within the frst few hours of
life, and thus they may not receive adequate immunity.
7. Feeding colostrum after 24 hours of birth may not help
the calf to ward oﬀ infections.
8. A calf must receive adequate colostrum to protect it
from diseases for the frst three months of its life.
Colostrum is the calf’s “passport to life”.
9. Hand-feeding new-born calves is therefore
recommended so that the farmer is sure about the
amount of colostrum an individual calf receives.
10. De-worming should be done within 10-14 days of
age
subsequently on a monthly basis up to the 6th month.
11. When the animal is 3 months old, contact the
veterinarian for vaccination.
12. Provide calf starter from 2-8 weeks for better growth
and early maturity

28/11/2017

HOW TO MAKE DAIRY MEAL FOR DAIRY COWS
Farmers can use a simple method to make dairy meal on the farm without having to buy raw materials that may not be available in the agrovet shops:
Ingredients
1. 5kg of whole maize on the cob
2. 5kg calliandra/sesbania/lucerne/lucaena
3. 0.2kg minerals (such as maclik Super ®, dairy superphosphate® or Unga High Phosphorus®)
Preparation: Grind the whole maize together with cob into gristed form (chenga). Wilt the calliandra, sesbania or lucerne in a shade (not in direct sunlight) and grind it too. Mix all the ingredients thoroughly preferably using a drum mixer or even a spade and feed the cows. You can increase the quantity of the above ingredients depending on the number of animals you feed.
To determine how much dairy meal each cow should get, you need to know how much milk each cow produces in a day; a cow should get at least 1kg of concentrate for every 1.5 litres it produces above 7litres of milk; for example, if your cow produces 10 litres of milk in a day, this means that it has produced an extra 3 litres of milk above the 7 litres.
To know how much concentrate the cow should get, divide 3 litres by 1.5 thus 3litre ÷ 1.5litres = 2kg, so the cow should be given 2 kg of concentrate. Feed this in two portions - 1kg in the morning and 1kg in the evening) if your cow is giving 16 litres, the amount of concentrate it should get can be worked out as follows: 16litres subtract 7 litres = 9 litres divide by 1.5 litres = 6kg of concentrate (feed 3kg in the morning and 3kg in the evening). The concentrate is given as a supplement in addition to a cow’s daily fodder rations.

02/11/2017

DAIRY CATTLE DISEASES- SIGNS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION.
(1)Bloat
Bloat is the abnormal accumulation of gas in the rumen. There are three categories:
• frothy bloat that occurs when diets lead to formation of a stable froth or foam in the rumen
• free gas bloat caused by diets that lead to excessive gas production
• free gas bloat caused by failure to belch rumen gases, leading to accumulation of gas (e.g. oesophageal obstruction)
Bloat occurs when gases cannot escape but continue to build up causing severe distension of the abdomen, compression of the heart and lungs, and eventually death.
Predisposing factors
Bloat is a risk when animals are grazing young lush pasture, particularly if the pasture has a high legume content (e.g. clover or lucerne). Ruminant animals produce large volumes
of gas during the normal process of digestion, which either is belched or passes through the gastrointestinal tract. If anything interferes with the gas escape from the rumen, bloat occurs.
Natural foaming agents in legumes and some rapidly growing grasses cause a stable foam to form in the rumen. Gas is trapped in small bubbles in this foam and the animal cannot belch it up. Pressure builds up in the rumen causing obvious swelling on the left side of the body.
Signs
• The animal stops grazing and is reluctant to walk.
• The left side of the abdomen is distended.
• The animal strains to urinate and defecate.
• Rapid breathing—the mouth may be open with the tongue protruding.
• The animal staggers.
Prevention
Pasture management: Legumes should be introduced into the diet gradually over several days. Avoid cows gorging on new pastures by feeding them on other feeds before letting
them out to graze. Silage, hay or mature pasture can be used to reduce the cow’s appetite.
Initially, cows should be allowed access to the pasture only for short periods (an hour or so) and monitored closely during grazing and immediately after removal. Cutting and
wilting the pasture for 2–3 hours before feeding reduces the risk of bloat.
Preventive medication: Drench with detergents and anti-foaming agents before letting animals graze.
Treatment
Insert a stomach tube through the oesophagus to release the gas. In an emergency on the nfarm, puncture the rumen on the left side of the animal with a sharp knife. Puncturing the rumen with the standard trocar and cannula is the quickest way to release the gas that cannot be expelled with a stomach tube.

02/11/2017

DAIRY BUSINESS PLANNING FOR 10 - 15 COWS Dairy
Any cattle farming business when done in proper and in scintifically manner with effective business plan leads to success. Mostly in every part of Kenya cattle farmers are having lack of knowledge and also they are not aware of the latest methodology and technique due to which they are not succeeding in this business. Inorder to practically guide and help those who are novice or newbie in dairy farming and have keen interest to start dairy farm business in a profitable way, check this.
Thus, do remember that before stepping into this dairy farming business firstly you should mentally prepared that you are going to dedicate your full effort and time to this and special 24×7 attention should be maintained throughout.
Dairy Farming Business Planning (For 10 – 15 Cows)
what are the basic requirement of Dairy farming in Kenya?
- Proper shed construction.
- Surplus area of land for cultivation of green fodder (1-2 acre of land is sufficient for 15 cows)
- Adequate water supply
- Good breed of cows (High yielding cows HF,Jersey, sahiwal etc)
- Fodder management (Dry fodder , green fodder and concentrate)
- Labour
- Proper vaccination schedule
Shed Construction
Well spacious and hygenic shed for cattle is needed for their good health. Let us take an example of 10 cows. It is scientifically recommended that 1 cow should have 7ft x 11 ft area and it also varies depending upon the size of animal. For 10 cows roughly we will construct 80 ft x 12ft of cow shed.
Cow shed are basically of two types :
- Closed housing
- Open housing
Open housing are not considered these days as we keep high milk yield animals which needs extra care. So generally we should use closed housing system.
Closed housing is further classified in two arrangements:
- Head to Head Arrangement
- Tail to Tail Arrangement.
In head to head arrangement animal feeder or menzer is constructed in between the shed with a separation wall in between so that the cow can be fed from both sides facing head to head each other.
On the other hand in tail to tail arrangement Feeder or menzer is constructed on either side of the shed so the cows are fed in tail to tail position.
Head to Head Arrangement is more ideal because it costs less as compare to tail to tail arrangement. In this arrangement feeder or menzer is one in between the shed.
Shed should be in some elevated area to avoid rainfall water to come inside. Special attention should be given in the flooring. The floor must be made of bricks and cement with proper inclination so that the urine or excrete can drain easily.
Proper Drainage system should be there to drain the urine on either side of the shed to avoid the stagnation.
So for shed construction choose area which has proper light and sun with little elevation from normal ground level. For construction use cement and bricks and asbestos sheet can be used as the roof of the shed.
Electricity and proper water supply is also needed for the high yield cows such as HF and jersey fan and cooler is also necessary during summer season.
Fodder Management
Cattle health mainly depends upon the type and nutritional facts of the fodder. High milk yield cows must be given 1kg of concentrate in 2.5ltr of milk yield. If a cow yields 10 ltrs of milk then scintifically they should be provide with 4 kg of concentrate with mineral mixture. In fodder management we should know that there are three types of fodder what we give to the cattle.
- Dry fodder
- Green fodder
- Concentrate and mineral mixture.
Dry fodder:- Generally the dry fodder constitutes 2/3rd of the supplements.
Green fodder :- green fodder play vital role in animals health as it provides the essential nutrients required for good milk yield. We must have surplus area of land preferably 2 acre for 15 cows for green fodder cultivation.
Green fodder are basically leguminous crops they are gram, maize, etc. They are rich in protein and hence increase the fat percentage in the milk.
Mineral mixture :- It is essential that minerals concentrate given to the cattle to overcome the mineral deficiency. It is also required for the good health of the cattle.
So for ideal food for the 1 cow should be in precise proportion of dry fodder , green fodder and mineral mixture with concentrate.
Adequate water supply :-
Proper water supply is very much needed for the cattle to drink, cleaning of cow and shed etc.
Breed selection of cow :-
Right breed selection is very much important in the dairy farming. As the profit is totally dependent on the milk yield of the cow. For breed selection we must take care of the breed which is adapted to our climatic condition and their milk yielding capability. For this we suggest the cross breed of Holstein fresian(HF) with Indian sahiwal. Or Jersey with sahiwal. Dr. Ngile

18/04/2017

Kila LENGO na WAZO ulilonalo ni k**a MBEGU,hata siku moja Usidharau.

Kuna MBEGU nyingi ambazo ni ndogo sana kwa UMBO ila zikipandwa huwa zinageuka kuwa MITI mikubwa SANA.

Nawe pia,Usidharau wazo ama Lengo lolote Ulilonalo;Kumbuka Kuwa ni mbegu ambayo inaweza kugeuka kuwa kitu kikubwa sana kwenye Maisha Yako.

Usidharau wazo lako. _Ngile

24/02/2017

*FOR MANEGEMENT OF YOUNG STOCK(CALVES)*
Key points
• Good management starts at birth when
calves are born in a clean area.
• About 5% of calves die at, or shortly after,
birth. Mortality is higher for calves born to
heifers than for those born to cows.
• Calves should be removed from the cow at
birth and placed in a clean dry area.
• Calves should be given at least four litres
of good-quality colostrum during their
first twelve hours of life. This can be given
through a bottle or through a stomach tube
if the calf will not suckle.
• Calves should be fed 15% of their body
weight in milk each day, with the volume
adjusted as the calf grows.
• Feed calves milk twice a day for the first
four weeks of life, then once a day.
• Bacteria numbers in warm colostrum
and milk double every 30 minutes—poor
storage will lead to more sick and dying
calves.
• Rumen development in calves is promoted
by feeding some high-quality forage with
high-quality concentrates.
• Calves can be weaned once they are
eating 900 grams of concentrates per day.
• Scours is the most common disease
problem in calves under five weeks old.
Calves can become infected when fed
contaminated milk or colostrum or when
placed in a dirty environment.
• Scouring calves should be immediately
rehydrated with oral electrolyte solutions
to keep them on their feet, and may be
given antibiotics depending on veterinary
advice.
• Aim for less than 3% pre-weaning calf
mortality. A high proportion of sick calves
indicates high pathogen exposure; high
mortality in affected calves indicates inap�propriate therapy.
• Heifers must be grown well for future
fertility and milk production and to mini�mise calving difficulties.
• Calves should gain 600 grams per day
before weaning and 800 grams per day
after weaning. � by Dr Victor Ngile

11/07/2016

Hata ukiumizwa kiasi gani usimruhusu adui yako achukue ushindi kirahisi #

23/04/2016

Okoa tembo wa Tanzania

Dr. Victor Ngile

17/04/2019

25/03/2019

28/11/2017

02/11/2017

02/11/2017

18/04/2017

24/02/2017

11/07/2016

23/04/2016

Address

Website

Alerts

Shortcuts

Share

Category