Ushauri bure pharmacy

Ushauri bure pharmacy let talk about medicine

06/12/2015

Fanya kuandika jina lako acha nafasi andika ushauri bure kisha tuma whatsap no 0714141072......uwe mwanafamilia wa group ushauri bure

19/09/2015

Karibun ushauri bure...... Hapa tunaweza kuulizana chochote kuhusu afya, magonjwa na tiba........ Whatapp no 0714141072

13/07/2014

asanten wote mlo like hii page, sasa nawakalibisha kuchangia au kuuliza chochote kuhusu afya.......

epuka mafuta mengi kwenye mwili....nikisababishi cha bp(Hypertension) na kiarusi(stroke).......
10/07/2014

epuka mafuta mengi kwenye mwili....nikisababishi cha bp(Hypertension) na kiarusi(stroke).......

10/07/2014

let talk...

10/07/2014

bado unaweza chochote unachotaka kujua kuhusu afya......LET TALK

09/07/2014

HUWA UNAPATA HIZI DALILI......
1: kiu mara kwa mara
2: kukojoa mara kwa mara
3: kuskia njaa mara kwa mara.....hizi ni baadhi ya dalili za kisukari (diabetes mellitus) muone daktari

HOW TO EXAMINE ABDOMEN..... 8- At this point ask the patient tolie as flat as possible with theirarms straight down besi...
09/07/2014

HOW TO EXAMINE ABDOMEN.....
8- At this point ask the patient to
lie as flat as possible with their
arms straight down beside them
and begin your inspection of the
abdomen. Comment on any
obvious abnormalities such as
scars, masses and pulsations. Also
note if there is any abdominal
distension.
9- Unlike other examinations,
auscultation for bowel sounds
may be carried out before
percussion and palpation due to
adverse effect that these
procedures may have on the
sound from the bowels. Listen
with the diaphragm next to the
umbilicus for up to 30 seconds.
High pitched or absent sounds
may indicate bowel obstruction.
Absence of sounds may be also be
caused by peritonitis
10- Palpation of the abdomen
should be performed in a
systematic way using the 9 named
segments of the abdomen:
right and left hypochondrium,
right and left flank,
right and left iliac fossa,
the umbilical area,
the epigastrium
and the suprap***c region.
Where you start depends on the
patient. If a patient has pain in
one particular area you should
start as far from that area as
possible. The tender area should
be examined last as they may
start guarding making the
examination very difficult.
11- Initial examination should be
superficial using one hand. Place
the hand flat over each area and
flex at the metacarpophalangeal
joints. You should feel whether
the abdomen is soft but you
should always be looking at the
patient’s face for any signs of
pain. If you feel any abnormal
masses you should report these to
the examiner.
12- Once all 9 areas have been
examined superficially, you
should move on to examine
deeper.
A deeper exam is performed with
two hands, one on top of the other
again flexing at the MCP joints.
You should still be looking at the
patient’s face for them flinching
due to pain. Again, examine all 9
named segments of the abdomen.
13- Having performed a general
examination of the abdomen, you
should now feel for
organomegaly, particularly of the
liver, spleen and kidneys.
Palpation for the liver and spleen
is similar, both starting in the
right iliac fossa. For the liver,
press upwards towards the right
hypochondrium. You should try
to time the palpation with the
patient’s breathing-in as this
presses down on the liver. If
nothing is felt you should move
towards the costal margin and try
again.
A distended liver feels like a light
tap on the leading finger when
you press down. If the liver is
distended, its distance from the
costal margin should be noted.
14- Palpating for the spleen is as
for the liver but in the direction
of the left hypochondrium. The
edge of the spleen which may be
felt if distended is more nodular
than the liver.
Another way to assess for
splenomegaly is to ask the patient
to lie on their right side. Support
the rib cage with your left hand
and again ask the patient to take
deep breaths in moving your
right hand up towards the left
hypochondrium.
15- To feel for the kidneys you
should place one hand under the
patient in the flank region and
the other hand on top. You should
then try to ballot the kidney
between the two hands. In the
majority of people the kidneys
are not palpable, but they maybe
in thin patients who have no
renal pathology.
16- Palpate for the bladder by
starting at the umbilicus, move in
steps downwards towards the
p***c bone
17- Next you should percuss. This
can be also be used to check for
organomegaly if it is suspected.
Percussion over the abdomen is
usually resonant, over a
distended liver it will be dull.
Percussion can also be used to
check for ‘shifting dullness’ – a
sign of ascites.
With the patient lying flat, start
percussing from the midline
away from you. If the percussion
note changes, hold you finger in
that position and ask the patient
to roll towards you. Again
percuss over this area and if the
note has changed then it suggests
presence of fluid such as in
ascites.
A distended bladder will also be
dull to percussion and this should
be checked for.
18- You should also palpate for
the abdominal aorta to check
whether it is expansile, which
could be suggestive of an
aneurysm. Note that the aortic
pulsation can often be felt in thin
patients, but shouldn’t be
expansile.
19- At this point, you should
mention to the examiner that you
would like to finish the procedure
with an examination of the
hernial orifices, the external
genitalia and also a re**al
examination. It is also
appropriate to perform a
urinalysis at this point including a
pregnancy test in females.
20- Allow the patient to dress and
thank them. Wash your hands
and report any findings to your
examiner.

09/07/2014

Foods which can impact your brain...
1. Caffeine
Many of us rely on this stimulant to get
us through the day, whether we have
one cup or three cups of coffee a day.
When we drink caffeine, the body
absorbs it quickly and passes it to the
brain, according to Medline Plus, and
then gets excreted through urine hours
later. Although it is not associated with
brain damage, psychologists like Dr.
Lauren Napolitano at Bryn Mawr
Hospital in Pennsylvania believe in order
to get a clear picture of someone’s
baseline mental health, you must
eliminate coffee. “The number one thing
people with mental health issues should
avoid is caffeine,” Napolitano told
Medical Daily in an email. “Many people
drink caffeine in order to combat
symptoms of depression (lethargy,
anhedonia) but unintentionally throw
themselves into a manic episode or a
panic attack.” Although caffeine
withdrawal may hurt for a day or two —
you may find yourself accompanied by a
headache — people tend to feel much
calmer without it.
2. MSG
It is common to get a headache, a
tightness in the chest, or even have
vivid and bizarre dreams after eating
Chinese food. A popular additive in
Asian cuisine — MSG — is used by chefs
to enhance the flavor, but it can wreak
havoc on your brain health, attacking
the brain stem. As an excitotoxin, MSG
overstimulates neuron receptors,
causing a firing of impulses that they
become extremely exhausted, and die
hours later. Dr. Chad Laurence , a
corrective chiropractic in Delaware,
warns any MSG derivative is negatively
impactful on the brain. “MSG is hidden
in various sources, including: natural
flavors, spices, hydrolyzed protein,
autolyzed yeast extract, sodium
caseinate, bouillons, soy protein
isolate,” among many others, Laurence
told Medical Daily in an email.
3. Precooked and Processed Foods
These types of foods overstimulate the
production of dopamine, also known as
the “pleasure” neurotransmitter that
leads to excessive cravings. Precooked
and processed foods contain
preservatives, additives, dyes, and
artificial flavors that have the ability to
affect our behavior and our cognitive
functioning. “Processed foods and any
foods that are hyper-allergenic can take
a toll on brain health,” said Brandon
Mentore, sports nutritionist, and
functional medicine practitioner, to
Medical Daily in an email. “The more
chemical and synthetic the compounds
in food are the harder they are to digest
and detoxify.”
A 2012 study published in the Journal
of Clinical Investigation found high-fat
processed food consumption can cause
damage to the hypothalamus part of the
brain. This area is responsible for
regulating hunger and thirst levels, and
the body’s natural rhythms and cycles.

08/07/2014

iabetes mellitus (DM ) also known as
simply diabetes, is a group of
metabolic diseases in which there are
high blood sugar levels over a
prolonged period. [2] This high blood
sugar produces the symptoms of
frequent urination, increased thirst , and
increased hunger . Untreated, diabetes
can cause many complications. [3]
Acute complications include diabetic
ketoacidosis and nonketotic
hyperosmolar coma .[4] Serious long-
term complications include heart
disease , stroke , kidney failure , foot
ulcers and damage to the eyes. [3]

08/07/2014

unataka kuepukana na shirikizo la damu au bp(hypertension).....kama ndio jalibu yafuatayo..
1: punguza vyakula vyenye chumvi nyingi
2: punguza mavuta ya cholestol
3: jitahidi kufanya mazoezi hata ya kutembea

28/05/2014

Carbamezapine (Tegretol) Child 1 tab • Initially 5mg/kg once daily or in 2 divided doses then increase every 2 weeks up to 10 to 20 mg/kg/day in 2 to 4 divided doses Adult • Initially 100-200mg once daily or in 2 divided doses then increase by 100-200mg increments every 2 weeks up to 800-1200mg per day in 2 to 4 divided doses • Potential side effects include o Dizziness o Diplopia o Aplastic anemia (rare but potentially fatal). Therefore, need to make sure that CBC and liver functions are monitored on this medication. Phenytoin (Epanutin) Child • 5 - 8mg/kg/day in 2 to 3 divided doses (max. 300mg) Adult • 3-4mg/kg/day or 150-300mg once or twice daily before meals, increase gradually as necessary in 2 to 3 divided doses • Usual adult dosing is 200-500mg (max 60mg per day

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Dar Es Salaam
Dar Es Salaam

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0714141072

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