05/03/2021
Soma makala hii kuhusu historia ya Elimu yetu Tanzania toka Ukoloni hadi leo japo kwa ufupi ili uone wapi tumetoka na wapi tunaelekea.
Makala hii itakuwa na mwendelezo wake, tafadhali usisahau ku-like, follow na kushare ili uweze kupata updates zote pindi mwendelezo wake unapofanyika.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN TANZANIA
a) Pre colonial era(Traditional education)
b) Colonial education
c) Post independence education
d) Education for self reliance
A: PRE COLONIAL ERA EDUCATION
It is sometimes known as African indegenous education on or traditional education. It offered knowledge, skills, and values based on the traditions and customs of a given particular local ethinic groups both to Tanganyika mainland and Zanzibar Island.
Traditional education was offered on the basis of the following
i. Basis of the family level
When the baby was born the family (father, mother, sisters and brothers) were responsible to educate the baby.
ii. At the society level
The education gained by a child to his family went on expanding by being sometimes shaped by the society.
iii. On the basis of gender
Boys got education mostly from fathers and brothers, girls from mothers and senior sisters. And the education was taught to the s*x roles .e.g. girls’ food preparation, handle family, care baby
Boys-Hunting, war fighting methods, medicine.
iv. Learning by observation
v. By practical learning
Objectives of Traditional Education
1) Impart knowledge and values to young children
2) To indicate relevant skills to young children self in future
3) To enhance tradition and customs to young children that they can maintain future cultural heritage of their society
4) It was offered according to the education level.
TRADITIONAL EDUCATION IN SOMEWAYS HAD CURRICULUM
i) Nature of the economy - farmers taught children on farming etc
ii) Methods of teaching (pedagogy) -techniques and strategy (learning by doing)
iii) Specialization of labour of a family- medicine
PRE COLONIAL ERA
1) It was imparted to children through their active participation
2) Special training for particular skills existed e.g. cookery, drama, fishing, and leadership etc
3) It prepared the child to be independent to his or her society
4) It trained youth social practice within the society
5) It emphasized respect, love, cooperation.
(Weakness) normally pre colonial education can simply be grouped
i. Education of the heart
─ Was the religious education which inculcated how to pray and respect their gods .It also this taught respect, love, cooperation etc.
ii. Education of the hand
─ It taught how to make various things like arrows, ferubes, knives, baskets etc.
─ It taught also how to engage in various economic activities like husbandry, fishing, farming, etc.
iii. Education of the head
PHILOSOPHICAL BASES ON AFRICAN INDEGENEOUS EDUCATION FORMS:
i. Communalism
Composed of:-
a) Tradition
b) Norms
c) Aspects
d) Customs
A child was taken as an atom of the society
ii. preparedness –usefulness of a person in the society
iii. Perenialsm –transmit knowledge and skills from one generation to another and this makes life long education.
iv. Functionalism –people were learning to be productive.
v. Holistism – there was learning of way things in multiple learning design and perfection workshop in the gold, silver and copper.
QN: How long did traditional education survive in Zanzibar?
ANS:Traditional education in Zanzibar existed for a long period .It was then affected as time gone .for position of Zanzibar and Pemba started to be suffering from foreigners contact very early since 8th c most of the foreigners were from Arabia ,Persia and china .
However, the experience tells that this was due to the commercial business conducted by Arabs in East Africa .Arabs and Persians inhabited Zanzibar since 11th c.
As the year went by after the 11th c there was infiltration of Islam in Zanzibar which largely introduced new kind of education to help the people of Zanzibar referred to as Islamic education which resulted into subjugating tradition education (subjecting –controls ,eliminating, super seeding)Islamic education which was newly adapted by the people of Zanzibar led the black children and other mature people to acquire knowledge in confined classrooms known as madras (madrasi) in which learners were scattered on the mates receiving instructions from the teachers called maalim who taught Islamic faith by cramming and writing in Arabic alphabetical order by which the learner would qualify in the period between 3 to 6 years of education.
In the knowledge of Islamic scriptures learners were able to conduct translation of Arabic to Swahili language writing Swahili poems and be able to offer other written skills in Swahili language.
CONTRIBUTION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION
a) IN TANZANIA
1) Led to formation of Swahili language
2) Facilitated communication between Arabs and indigenous
3) Facilitated reading and writing skills
4) Lead to spread of Islamic religion
5) Lead to spread of Arabic culture
b) TO WESTERN EDUCATION
1) In maths-muslim introduced Arabic numerals and decimals and make great advance in geometry
2) In physics-Muslims introduced pendulum and knowledge of optics and built many astronomical observation
3) In chemistry-discovered new substance like Silva metal polish and sulfate
4) In medicine –studied or taught physiology hygiene and methods of treatment
5) In manufacturing –surpassed (exceed) the rate of world in variety of built, design and perfection workshop in gold, silver and copper
ITAENDELEA ............................
