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The real heyday of piracy came in the XVII century. In remote seas, European governments did not have large flotillas, s...
11/01/2022

The real heyday of piracy came in the XVII century. In remote seas, European governments did not have large flotillas, so they hired pirates or simply provided them with privateer's certificates. The main center of piracy was the Caribbean Sea. There were many desert islands, which, despite the bans of the Spanish authorities, settled a lot of free immigrants from Europe. The settlers hunted game or grazed cattle, so they were called bukanira (ie "braziers" - "bukan" Indians called the grill on which they fried meat). Eventually, buccaneers and ordinary adventurers from the Old World began to gather in battalions that looted merchant ships - mostly Spanish. Over the decades, pirate forces gained such strength that they helped the British capture the islands of Jamaica (1655) and Tortuga.

The most famous of the "sharks" was Francis Drake. He attacked not only the ships of the Spaniards, but also their citie...
11/01/2022

The most famous of the "sharks" was Francis Drake. He attacked not only the ships of the Spaniards, but also their cities. And in 1577 he bypassed America from the south and suddenly attacked the ports on the Pacific coast. Drake's b***y was huge - a load of silver alone weighed 26 tons. Realizing that the Spaniards could expect him on the way back, the "shark" decided to return home across the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and thus made the second trip around the world. The treasures brought by the researcher pirate were twice the income of the British Treasury for the year. King Philip II of Spain demanded that the audacious man be punished and the plunder returned, but Elizabeth I personally visited Drake's ship and gave him the title of knight.
The Great Armada, assembled by Philip II in 1588, was defeated by pirates in England and the Netherlands.

With the conclusion of the Peace of Cato Cambrai (1559), the French government - at least officially - stopped supportin...
11/01/2022

With the conclusion of the Peace of Cato Cambrai (1559), the French government - at least officially - stopped supporting the pirates. But in 1566 an uprising broke out against the Habsburg rule in the Netherlands. The driving force of the uprising was the common people. Dutch and Zealand fishermen and sailors soon began to form detachments of pirates, or sea geese, who looted and sunk Spanish ships off the coast of Europe.
Almost at the same time, the Dutch neighbors, the British, tried to establish their own trade with the New World. The Spaniards considered this trade to be smuggling, so they began to hunt for English ships. They responded with attacks on Spanish vehicles. Queen Elizabeth I secretly supported the pirates, whom she called her "sharks", and gave them money to build ships.

After the Spanish conquest of Mexico and Peru, Charles V forbade foreign merchants to visit the New World, American good...
11/01/2022

After the Spanish conquest of Mexico and Peru, Charles V forbade foreign merchants to visit the New World, American goods were allowed to buy only in Spanish Seville, paying duties to the imperial treasury. However, foreigners constantly violated this ban, although the smugglers were threatened with severe punishments. And the pirate attacks, most of them French, have turned into a real epidemic. The robbers not only seized ships with American silver, but also attacked coastal cities - even as large as Cartagena or Havana. To protect against pirate attacks, strong walls began to be built around the settlements. And the Spanish ships with cargo from the New World, the emperor ordered to collect in large flotillas, which later became known as "silver"

Piracy reached a special scale in the early modern period, during the Great Geographical Discoveries, when rivalry betwe...
11/01/2022

Piracy reached a special scale in the early modern period, during the Great Geographical Discoveries, when rivalry between European states intensified. The Treaty of Tordesillas proclaimed the division of the world between the rulers of Spain and Portugal. However, King Francis I of France refused to recognize him. Moreover, he provided special documents with "permission" to plunder the ships of states at war with France. Such "pirates in the royal service" were called capers. One of the capers even seized a ship of b***y sent by Fernand Cortes to Emperor Charles V. When he was outraged, Francis I replied that he "did not see the will of his great-grandfather Adam, who would bequeath the New World only to the kings of Spain and Portugal, but deprived me of his shares of the inheritance. The Portuguese tried to detain French ships in the Indian Ocean, but the capers attacked Lisbon and forced to compensate for all losses

With the collapse of Charlemagne's empire, the pirates became brazen. Now they did not even return home in the winter as...
07/01/2022

With the collapse of Charlemagne's empire, the pirates became brazen. Now they did not even return home in the winter as before, but spent the winter in the looted lands to restore the looting in early spring. The geography of attacks is expanding. In 844, Asturias and Portugal fell victim to pirates. In 859, the Viking leader Bjorn Iron Side reached Gibraltar and plundered the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. Then came the turn of the Balearic Islands, Provence and Tuscany. In 862, Björn returned to Britain, destroying Valencia on the way back.

In northern Europe, the Vikings reached the shores of the White Sea, in the east they descended the Volga through the Caspian Sea to the shores of Persia.

In 886, the Vikings laid siege to Paris, but French King Charles II the Bald managed to redeem himself from them.

Almost simultaneously, since the end of the eighth century, piracy in northern Europe has experienced a real surge. Robb...
07/01/2022

Almost simultaneously, since the end of the eighth century, piracy in northern Europe has experienced a real surge. Robbery has become a constant fishery for numerous forces from Scandinavia, which in the sources are called the Normans or Vikings. Their victims, however, were not so much ships as coastal villages, towns and monasteries.

The first attack by Scandinavian pirates on the British Isles is considered to be the robbery of Lindisfarne in 793. Later, these attacks became regular.

From 799 the Normans plundered the lands of the Frisians and Saxons. Charlemagne was forced to create a coast guard to protect against pirates. But she helped little.

In 827, with the help of Andalusian pirates, the Aglabids began capturing Sicily.In 838 and 842 the pirates attacked Mar...
07/01/2022

In 827, with the help of Andalusian pirates, the Aglabids began capturing Sicily.
In 838 and 842 the pirates attacked Marseilles, in 841 - at the urging of the Benevento prince Radelchis destroyed Capua, in 846 - looted Rome.
In 869 pirate troops captured Malta, in 876 devastated Tuscany, Lazio and Campania, in 881 founded a fortress at the mouth of the Garigliano, from which they made regular raids on neighboring Italian lands.

In 888, Andalusian pirates captured a piece of the coast of Provence with the fortress of Fraxinet, turning it into a real hut of robbers and slave traders.

In the early Middle Ages, the Byzantine fleet ruled the Mediterranean, and pirate activity was low. But with the beginni...
07/01/2022

In the early Middle Ages, the Byzantine fleet ruled the Mediterranean, and pirate activity was low. But with the beginning of the Arab conquests, Byzantium was forced to focus on confrontation with the forces of the newly formed caliphate.

In the middle of the VIII century in Spain formed an independent Muslim state - the Emirate of Cordoba (al-Andalus). And it is under his auspices that piracy is being revived in the Western Mediterranean.

By 825, Andalusian pirates had captured all the convenient harbors in Corsica.

In 825, fugitives from Spain first captured Egyptian Alexandria, and when they were driven out by the caliph's troops, went to Byzantine Crete. Almost without resistance, they captured the island and turned it into a base for pirate raids in the Aegean Sea.

Piracy is a phenomenon of piracy, widely known since ancient times. In the past, its role was quite significant, today p...
07/01/2022

Piracy is a phenomenon of piracy, widely known since ancient times. In the past, its role was quite significant, today piracy no longer plays its former role, but still persists in some regions.
Pursuant to Article 101 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 (ratified by Ukraine on 3 June 1999),
"Piracy is any unlawful act of violence, detention or any robbery committed for private purposes by the crew or passengers of any private vessel against any vessel, person or property on board the vessel.

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