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Refectorium in Akko fortress, 12th centuryThe Brief Jewish Encyclopedia divides the first era of Arab rule in Palestine ...
04/06/2023

Refectorium in Akko fortress, 12th century
The Brief Jewish Encyclopedia divides the first era of Arab rule in Palestine into four periods: the conquest and development of the country (638-660), the Umayyad (661-750), Abbasid (750-969) and Fatimid (969-1099) dynasties [29]. In 1099, the Crusaders founded the Kingdom of Jerusalem here. However, already in 1187, Salah ad-Din took Jerusalem, and in 1291 the last fortress of the crusaders, Acre, fell

Following the division in 395 of the Roman Empire into Western and Eastern (Byzantium), Palestine went to the latter. In...
04/06/2023

Following the division in 395 of the Roman Empire into Western and Eastern (Byzantium), Palestine went to the latter. In the years 614-629, Palestine was part of the Persian Sassanid Empire, who transferred control of Jerusalem to the Jews for three years, but then returned the city to the Christians[26]. After the return of Palestine under the rule of Byzantium, in 629-630, as a result of massacres and persecutions of Jews initiated by the Byzantine emperor Heraclius, the Jewish presence in the region reached its minimum in the entire three thousand-year history, but never completely stopped[27]. By the ninth century, Jewish communities reappeared in Jerusalem and Tiberias, and in the next two centuries, they sprang up in Rafah, Gaza, Majdal, Jaffa, and Caesarea

Roman camp at the foot of the fortress of MassadaFrom 63 B.C. e. Judea became a vassal of Rome and was later turned into...
04/06/2023

Roman camp at the foot of the fortress of Massada
From 63 B.C. e. Judea became a vassal of Rome and was later turned into a Roman province of the same name. During the Bar Kochba revolt in 135, the Romans massacred many Jews, forbade the rest to settle in Jerusalem, and renamed the province of Judea into Palestine Syria

Starting from the 8th century BC. e. this territory successively came under the rule of Assyria, Babylon, the Achaemenid...
04/06/2023

Starting from the 8th century BC. e. this territory successively came under the rule of Assyria, Babylon, the Achaemenid Empire (539-331 BC) and Macedonia (from 331 BC). In the III-II centuries BC. e. was part of the Hellenistic states of the Ptolemies and the Seleucids[23]. In 142, the power of the Seleucids, torn by civil strife, completely freed Judea from tribute, in fact recognizing its independence, and further until 37 BC. e. the Jewish Hasmonean dynasty ruled there[

The connection between the Jewish people and the Land of Israel is traced back to the biblical patriarch Abraham. Accord...
04/06/2023

The connection between the Jewish people and the Land of Israel is traced back to the biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Bible, the Land of Israel was bequeathed to the Jews by God in order to become the "Promised Land" - here are all the sacred places of the Jewish people[22]. The biblical tradition of the patriarchs may reflect the migrations of the Hebrews (Habiru) in the 2nd millennium BC. e. and the events of the era of the Hyksos invasion of Egypt. The history of Abraham probably corresponds to the initial stage of the Hebrew migrations, and a massive migration takes place around the 13th century BC. e., as a result of which the late Bronze culture of Canaan is replaced by a new one[21]. About 1200 B.C. e. the Philistines, to whom the modern name "Palestine" goes back, pe*****te the coast of the country. The establishment of royal power among the Jews and the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, and later of the Kingdom of Judah, dates back to the 10th century BC.

For the last three millennia, the word "Israel" has denoted both the Land of Israel (Hebrew אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל‏‎, Eretz Is...
20/05/2023

For the last three millennia, the word "Israel" has denoted both the Land of Israel (Hebrew אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל‏‎, Eretz Israel) and the entire Jewish people. The source of this name is the Book of Genesis, where the forefather Jacob, after a struggle with God, receives the name Israel: “And he said: what is your name? He said: Jacob. And he said to [him], from now on your name will not be Jacob, but Israel, for you have wrestled with God, and you will overcome men” (Genesis 32:27,28). Interpreters differ in the definition of the meaning of this word. According to one version, this name comes from the verb sara (to manage, to be strong, to have power given from above), thus forming a word meaning "Having power over forces." Other possible meanings are "Prince of God" or "Fight/Fight of God"[11]. Subsequently, the Jewish people descended from Jacob began to be called "Children of Israel", "People of Israel" or "Israelites".

The Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on May 14, 1948 (Iyar 5, 5708) [comm. 1] on the basis of UN General Assem...
20/05/2023

The Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on May 14, 1948 (Iyar 5, 5708) [comm. 1] on the basis of UN General Assembly Resolution No. 181, adopted on November 29, 1947. Go to the section " Establishment and Early Years" According to the Declaration of Independence, Israel is a Jewish state. At the same time, Israel is a multinational and democratic state, where, along with Jews, all other ethnic groups, regardless of religion, have equal rights. Israel has a significant ethno-cultural diversity. The main population of the country: 6,982,000 people - Jews (73.9%), 1,995,000 people - Arabs (21.1%), 472,000 people - other (5%)

Post-industrial country with a developed economy. The volume of nominal GDP for 2019 amounted to over 395 billion US dol...
20/05/2023

Post-industrial country with a developed economy. The volume of nominal GDP for 2019 amounted to over 395 billion US dollars (43.6 thousand US dollars per capita)[7]. In the list of countries according to the human development index, it is in 22nd place in the world: the index is 0.903[10]. The currency is the New Israeli Shekel

Located in the Middle East, off the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon to the north, Syria to th...
20/05/2023

Located in the Middle East, off the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank to the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip to the southwest.Go to Location . 2]. The official language is Hebrew; Arabic has a special status.Go to the " " section

Israel (Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל‏‎, Arabic إِسْرَائِيل‎), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew ‏מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‏‎ Medinat...
20/05/2023

Israel (Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל‏‎, Arabic إِسْرَائِيل‎), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew ‏מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‏‎ Medinat Israel, Arabic دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل‎ Daulat Israel) is a state in the Middle East. The population as of December 31, 2022 is 9.656 million people[6]; territory - 22,072 km². It ranks 96th in the world in terms of populationGo to the section " , resettlement" and 148th in terms of territory.Go to the section " location"

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