20/10/2021
PROSTATE CANCER SYMPTOMS & TREATMENT
In most cases, prostate cancer symptoms are not apparent in the early stages of the disease. The symptoms of prostate cancer may be different for each man, and any one of these symptoms may be caused by other conditions. As a result, routine screenings in the form of digital re**al exams and prostate-specific androgen (PSA) tests are important.
Early warning signs of prostate cancer
Because of the proximity of the prostate gland to the bladder and urethra, prostate cancer may be accompanied by a variety of urinary symptoms.
• Burning or pain during urination
• Difficulty urinating, or trouble starting and stopping while urinating
• More frequent urges to urinate at night
• Loss of bladder control
• Decreased flow or velocity of urine stream
• Blood in urine (hematuria)
• Blood in semen
• Difficulty getting an er****on (erectile dysfunction)
• Painful ej*******on
Advanced prostate cancer symptoms
Prostate cancer may spread (metastasize) and form tumors in nearby organs or bones. If the cancer spreads to the spine, it may press on the spinal nerves. Signs of metastatic prostate cancer may include:
• Swelling in legs or pelvic area
• Numbness or pain in the hips, legs or feet
• Bone pain that doesn’t go away, or leads to fractures
Recurrent prostate cancer symptoms
Prostate cancer that returns after treatment is considered recurrent. When it returns to the area around the prostate, the disease is classified as a local recurrence. If the cancer is found in another part of the body, the recurrent cancer is considered metastatic. If the cancer metastasizes (or spreads) outside the prostate, it most likely develops in nearby lymph nodes first. Metastatic prostate cancer most often spreads to the liver, bones and lungs.
After initial treatment for prostate cancer, PSA levels are expected to drop dramatically. The first sign of recurrent prostate cancer may be a rise in the PSA level. Other symptoms of recurrent cancer may depend on whether and where the cancer has spread. Symptoms include:
• Blood in the urine
• Difficulty urinating
• Lower back pain
• Fatigue
• Difficulty breathing
• Jaundice
Treatment options of prostate cancer
In most cases, prostate cancer is diagnosed before the cancer has spread to distant organs or bones. And because prostate cancer cells often grow slowly, many men may not need immediate treatment. In these cases, patients may be candidates for active surveillance. Patients under active surveillance may receive regular PSA tests, biopsies and other exams to determine if the cancer is growing.
Other treatment options for prostate cancer include:
• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Hormone therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Clinical trials
Patients with prostate cancer may experience symptoms of the disease or side effects of treatment that may impact their quality of life.
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