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Sports medicine, Kampala (2026)

27/06/2021

POSITIVE CELLULAR RESPONSE TO EXERCISE.

As some one strongly interested in the concept of longevity.
Allow me to share these three visuals to act as guides to the readers on the effects of exercise on some beautiful changes that take place in the body at cellular level.
They ideas are alitle complex and technical but I believe the readers will appreciate what happens when you Exercise, Exercise being a stimuli to this kind of reaction like other stimuli indicated in the other visual.

The effect of exercise in promoting longevity is its impact in promoting the expression of the MTOR pathway (Mamallian Transport of Rapamycin) and the Expression of Heat Shock Proteins(HSP) through stimulating the Heat Shock Proteins Expression Genes to express Heat Shock Proteins such as HSP 70 and HSP 72. They are quite many HSP.

These play a great role in the process of proteinsynthesis, a process that plays a part in promoting Cellular regeneration and eventual tissue,organ and organism regeneration.
This is how longevity gets to be optimized in some sort of a summarized form.

Kindly look through the visuals and will be glad to go alittle further with readers who may have some inquiries on this concept of longevity and MTOR pathway/ Heat Shock Proteins.

Hope this is helpful.

Be blessed.

22/06/2021

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR DYSFUNCTION /PAIN.

Kindly allow me to share these visuals on TIBIALIS POSTERIOR Tendinopathy.

Its common among Athletes in explosive and jumping sports like Basketball, Volleyball, Badminton,Netball as a result of falls or chronic impact during training and games.

The surfaces of play create more risk to their cause as a result of being hard and hence the ground reaction Forces on impact is normally transmited directly in the joints of the foot.

Poor jumping and Landing Techniques also plays a part.

Most Athletes also have few pairs of shoes for use during training and games and hence the rate of wear and tear of the shoe soles is high which later doesn't offer protection in terms of force absorption when landing on making simple and complex jumps.

This later leads to inflammation.

Kindly look through the visuals for more insights.

Humbly look forward to having more discussions and additions on the subject from the readers.

Wish you all and your families good health.
Stay Safe

Be blessed.

$AVULSION FRACTURES.An avulsion fracture involves the detachment of a bone fragment that results from the pulling away of...$

22/01/2021

AVULSION FRACTURES.

An avulsion fracture involves the detachment of a bone fragment that results from the pulling away of a ligament, tendon, or joint capsule from its point of attachment on a bone.

This type of injury often manifests radiographically as a tiny oseous or bone fragment located adjacent to the expected attachment site of a ligament or tendon, although sometimes large fragments may be seen instead.

We should note that the seemingly benign appearance of these small fragments may lead those unfamiliar with these injuries to deem them relatively inconsequential, when in fact they may lead to more severe underlying damage to the major stabilizing structures of the joint.

This is particularly true with regard to the interpretation of conventional radiographs when patients present with such cases.

Coming additional findings in addition to radiography in patients with this type of injury are joint effusion or soft-tissue swelling while some findings may be disregarded.

Advanced imaging modalities, particularly computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, are helpful and can provide valuable additional information to adequately define the extent of damage.

It is crucial to identify the site and pattern of injury in these patients so that they may be worked up appropriately.

Prompt diagnosis of these typically destabilizing injuries is the first step in preventing the long-term consequences of delayed treatment, specifically the chronic morbidity associated with posttraumatic osteoarthritis.

I humbly welcome any additions or questions in relation to this subject matter.

Be blessed

22/01/2021

SOME MECHANICAL CAUSES OF KNEE PAIN

Some examples of mechanical problems that can cause knee pain include:

1. LOOSE BODIES IN THE JOINT.
Sometimes injury or degeneration of bone or cartilage can cause a piece of bone or cartilage to break off and float in the joint space especially in cases of trauma or osteoarthritis.

This may not create any problems unless the loose body interferes with knee joint movement, in which case the effect is something like a pencil caught in a door hinge.

2.ILLIOTIBIAL BAND SYNDROME.
This occurs when the tough band of tissue that extends from the outside of your hip to the outside of your knee (iliotibial band) becomes so tight that it rubs against the outer portion of your femur.

Distance runners and cyclists are especially susceptible to iliotibial band syndrome.

3.DISLOCATED KNEE CAP/PATELLAR.
This occurs when the triangular bone (patella) that covers the front of your knee slips out of place, usually to the outside of your knee. In some cases, the kneecap may stay displaced and you'll be able to see the dislocation.

4.HIP/ ANKLE/ FOOT/ PAIN.
If you have hip or foot pain, you may change the way you walk to spare these painful joints a phenomenon called Compensation.Its normally due to pain receptors at the site of injury that are easily stimulated on application of pressure or stretching.

Its a reason complete recovery through rehab is important to reduce posing risk for having complications with other joints like the knee and hip.

This altered gait can place more stress on your knee joint.
Establishing a previous problem with these joints when getting the patient's medical history is helpful in providing a detailed management plan.
Thank you.

I humbly welcome any additions or questions to this subject matter.
Be blessed.

26/10/2020

TURF TOE TAPING FOR TURF TOE INJURIES IN SPORTS.

Turf toe is an injury to the big toe’s main joint. This joint is called the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP).

A turf toe injury may also stretch or tear the ligaments and tendons surrounding the MTP joint. This area of the foot is called the plantar complex.

Turf toe tends to happen on firm, slick surfaces that don’t have any give underneath, such as the turf that football is played on, hence its name.

Turf toe taping is one of several conservative treatments that support healing of this injury.

When done correctly, toe taping restricts flexion, or the ability of the big toe to bend. This provides:

1.Pain relief
2.Stabilization
3.Protection of the toe and foot

SUPPORTIVE MANAGMENT.

1.Ice.
In addition to taping your injury, employ the R.I.C.E. technique for 1 to 2 days or longer, based on your doctor’s recommendation.

2.NSAIDs.
Taking over-the-counter medication for pain and inflammation will also help.

3.Time.
Give turf toe enough time to heal. Getting back to the playing field too quickly will worsen your injury, producing more downtime.

4.Avoiding pressure.
Use crutches as needed to keep weight off of the injured foot.

TURF TOE INJURY PREVENTION TIPS.

If you play sports or other activities on hard or slippery surfaces, it may be difficult to avoid the recurrence of a turf toe injury.

However, here are some tips that can help you prevent a recurring injury:

1.Avoid wearing shoes with flexible soles that have a lot of give.

2.Don’t work out bare feet.

3.Wear shoes with hard soles that keep your toes in a neutral position.

NOTE:
Continue to keep your foot supported with turf toe tape underneath hard-soled shoes until the injury has healed completely.

I humbly welcome any questions or additions to have more discussions on this subject.Take Care

10/10/2020

*SOME KEY CONCEPTS TO SPORTS INJURIES* .
The type and severity of an Injury sustained by an athlete is normally determined by some of these Important factors I will share more insights on::

*1.Anthropomorphic status.*
This factor bases on the size ,body structure and maturity level of the Athlete.

NOTE. If we look at contact sports forexample Rugby, if large Athletes compete against smaller Athletes,the chances of getting injured among the smaller ones is increased.
This is also more important for young Athletes who are developing in the sport. Placing them within their age groups gives them ample time to develop in their desciplines within being at risk of injuries by fellow Athletes especially if way older than them or more developed than them.
It also enables us to understand the demands of the sport so that sports programs such as Conditioning and Nutrition are worked on to meet the demands of the sport.

*2. Mechanism of Injury*
This factor is related to the force and energy involved in impact,the greater the force and the more the energy behind the impact,the greater more serious the Injury.
Most Injuries are graded according to their complexities and this enables the health team to come up with the most appropriate form of treatment after diagnosis.

*3. Speed*
This factor focuses on how the Athletes body is moving during the process of Injury.
The faster the body is moving ,it means the greater the force needed to stop the body and more force in this regard increases the severity of the Injury.

*4. Protective Equipment*
These are designed to absorb and distribute Force as well as provide added strength to certain areas of the body.
Most equipment used in sports have these properties but there are those designed specifically for protection, provide support both Physically and Psychologically so that an Athlete can perform to their best.

*5. Skill Level*
Athletes with a greater understanding of the skills required for their sport have a reduced ri

06/09/2020

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUCITATION IN SPORTS.

If you find that someone is not breathing normally and is not responding to you as you follow the ABC procedure, then you need to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) straight away. If the casualty has suffered a cardiac arrest it’s common for them to take irregular gasping breaths (known as agonal breathing) during the first few minutes after the incident.

This is abnormal breathing and the casualty will require resuscitation using CPR without delay.

NOTE::
When a person’s breathing or heart has stopped, their organs don’t receive a supply of oxygen-rich blood and this will soon lead to irreversible damage.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a technique that can be used to keep blood and oxygen circulating in the body and can make the difference between life and death.

CPR involves giving chest compressions and rescue breaths (mouth-to-mouth breathing), or chest compressions alone, to a person who has stopped breathing or whose heart has stopped.

NOTE::
If an automated external defibrillator (AED) is available then this should be used in addition to giving CPR, as this combination is the most effective way to treat an unconscious casualty who isn’t breathing normally.

If you have not been trained in emergency life support, then doing chest compressions only (known as hands-only CPR) can increase the chance of survival for the casualty.

HOW TO PERFORM CHEST COMPRESSIONS

1.Kneel at the casualty’s side, beside their chest.

2.With two fingers of the hand nearest the legs, locate the lowest point of the breastbone (sternum).

3.Place the heel of one hand on the breastbone (approximately two fingers widths up from its base). Keep the fingers of this hand straight, to avoid putting any pressure on the ribs.

4. Place your other hand on top of your first hand and interlock your fingers.

5.Position yourself with your shoulders directly above your hands and keep your arms straight.

6.Push downward using your b

27/08/2020

SOME NON INVASIVE TREATMENT OPTIONS TO THINK ABOUT AFTER SUSTAINING AN INJURY.

1.The application of RICE principle is recommended when an acute sprain occurs.

Rest - Keeping the injured area supported and not used for 48-72 hours depending on the grade of the Injury.

Ice- Applying ice to the injured site for 20-30 minutes at least three times a day.Controls swelling through vasoconstriction of the arteries hence controlling the enhanced perfusion of blood to the site of Injury which also comes with more inflammatory makers and white blood cells which further the cascade by collaterally damaging the viable tissues.

Compression- Applying a firm elastic bandage over the injured site, an ankle brace can be applied.

Elevation- Raising the leg above the level of the heart most times to enhance blood flow back to the heart(venous return) and reduce the percentage of swelling.

Referral - Do this as soon as possible to be looked at by a health care professional.

Don't apply heat to acute areas because that increases blood flow to that site through vasodilation ( leading to more effusion and swelling or bleeding).

Don't drink alcohol because it can also increases bleeding or delay healing. Alcohol can cause blood thinning especially if done in large proportion and hence put a patient at risk of more bleeding.

Don't run because running or putting weight increases blood flow, tissue damage and hence delays healing

Don't massage immediately because it increases swelling , bleeding due to more damage that cause more inflammatory reaction and hence delay healing.

Go through a rehabilitation program before being cleared for return to play.
Humbly look forward to any questions or additions.Take Care

17/08/2020

CUBOIDAL SYNDROME.

Presenting case basing on a case scenario dealt with today!! Kindly look through the literature presented for more details with some differentials most commonly fractures.Be blessed.

Cuboid syndrome happens when the joint and ligaments near the cuboid bone in your foot become injured or torn.

It’s also known as cuboid subluxation, which means that one of the bones in a joint is moved but not fully out of place.

The most common symptom in addition to the rest is Pain on the lateral side of your foot where your smallest toe is.
This pain might feel sharper when you put your weight on that side of your foot or when you push on the arch on the bottom of your foot.

The pain associated with cuboid syndrome might spread to other parts of your foot, too, when you stand on the front of your toes.

1.Redness near the area of injury

2.Loss of mobility in your ankle or lateral side of the foot

3.Weakness of your toes on the lateral side of the foot

4.Tenderness of the lateral side of your foot or your leg

5.Swelling near the dislocated ligaments or the ankle due to fluid buildup (edema)

**Poor mechanics or gait during movement

CAUSES OF CUBOIDAL SYNDROME.

Cuboid syndrome is thought to be caused when your cuboid bone everts (moves outward) from your foot while your calcaneus, or heel bone, inverts (moves inward) from your foot.

This can dislocate one or both bones or tear nearby ligaments. Sprains or injuries to your ankle are among the most frequent causes of this.

**Cuboid syndrome can result from foot injuries like twisting your ankle by falling, misstepping, or doing other activities that put intense strain on your ankle bones and ligaments.

**Cuboid syndrome can also result from overuse or repetitive strain to your foot. This is common if you play sports or do other activities that involve a lot of sudden jumping, running, or moving from side to side.

**Excessive foot pronation, often called flat feet, can also cause cuboid syndrome.

15/08/2020

TRIGGER POINT MASSAGE IN SPORTS.

Trigger points are basically sore, painful spots also called knots found in muscles.

These knots are sensitive and when pressure is applied and produce pain in a different part of the body especially on those that are over worked due to loading forexample the Hamstrings, Calf Muscles,Back and Arm and shoulder muscles.

A trigger point massage applied in the various forms with a therapist or equipments like form rollers ,trigger point massage balls help work out those knots and reduce the pain associated with them.

Muscle knots can happen to anyone because they’re caused by injury, over loading the muscles or not using them, and poor posture, poor perfusion of blood to certain parts of the muscle.

It provides great relief in most cases!!!

The objective of trigger point therapy is releasing or softening a muscle knot to reduce (or eliminate) the knot pain and associated pain.

This release happens by applying various levels of pressure to muscle knots, and then stretching the affected areas through a complete range of motion.

The use of form rollers and trigger point balls can be used by Athletes daily as a form of personal massage to maintain a good level of muscle relaxation especially in cases where they perform intense workouts but rarely do get massage therapy sessions. I humbly welcome any additions or questions. Be blessed. Take Care.

12/08/2020

MECHANISMS OF INJURIES IN SPORTS.(ATHLETES)

Injury mechanism can also be called 'inciting event' that led to the Injury.

From a biomechanical perspective, considering tissue properties of the Athletes body and load characteristics, an injury will be a result of the transfer of energy to tissue and the mechanical load will be in excess of the tolerance of the tissue to the load.

Different types of tissues have different tolerances to various loads , the rate at which the loading happens, the frequency to which this loading happens and the magnitude of the load.

NOTE.
Excessive loading in regards to tissue tolerance to this load will affect the tissue and lead to an Injury.

Here are a few different levels at which Injury mechanisms can be described when investigating an Injury sustained by an athlete.

1.Analyze the sports situation at the time of the Injury.This may include.
****Team action like scrimmage in rugby, fastbreak in basketball, Anticipation for a Corner kick in Soccer etc.

****Skills performed before and at the point of Injury forexample Cross over movement in basketball that lead to an ankle breaker etc.

***Position of the player ie Striker like Cristiano in the photo shared.

***Court position forexample a big man in Basketball, Point Guard, An attacker in Volleyball, Libero in Volleyball etc

2. Athlete behavior during the game. This can apply to the injured player or the opponent who could have inflicted the Injury.

3. Whole body mechanics and joint tissue mechanics.
***This describes the movement of the whole body or part of the body(joints) as a cause of the injury.
There is a visual shown describing how Anterior Cruciate Ligaments can be caused. It highlights this submission. I humbly welcome any questions or additions to this submission.Take Care

11/08/2020

KNEE INJURY MECHANICS IN SPORTS.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome and Anterior Cruciate ligament injuries are common knee injuries in sports.

Female Athletes are more predisposed to knee injuries than male Athletes in most sports activities that require movements such as Jumping ( Volley ball and Netball), landing (Volleyball and basketball) ,Cutting(Basketball) plus pivoting manueuvers ( Netball).

The mechanisms of these injuries are due to many factors which means concentrating on the immediate cause of that acute onset may not help address the problem thoroughly.

Anatomical and Biomechanical factors are important factors to consider.

Biomechanical (body movement in simple terms) mechanisms such as knee valgus( knock knees) and weakness of the hip MUSCLES (the hip stabilizers as we call them like the gluteal muscles might need to be looked at critically.

Functional tasks such as squats shown in the visuals above help to establish the risk for sustaining these Injuries through identifying the medial deviation of the femur bone on squating affecting it's control closer to its center of rotation at the hip may lead to a knee Injury.

NOTE.
Creating Conditioning Programs like the FIFA 11+ that help strengthen hip stabilizers and the quadriceps especially the vastus medialis may help reduce the excessive stretching stress placed on the knee ligaments like the ACL during squating movements in a game hence reducing the risk of Injury.

NOTE:
There are many risk factors that always need to be explored in order to help the injured Athlete in treatment and also prevent relapse or development of Chronic Injuries.
I humbly welcome any additions or questions.Take Care

Sports medicine

27/06/2021

22/06/2021

22/01/2021

22/01/2021

26/10/2020

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06/09/2020

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