02/23/2026
For , we’d like to honor the legacy of Alice Augusta Ball, the brilliant African American scientist born in 1892 whose research led directly to the first effective treatment for Hansen’s disease, better known as leprosy.
Ball’s groundbreaking accomplishment is even more remarkable when you consider that she passed away at the young age of 24.
Her career got off to a promising start. During her undergraduate studies at the University of Washington, she became one of the first African American women to be published in a major scientific journal.
From there, Ball earned a scholarship to the College of Hawaii, where in 1915 she became the first woman and first African American to earn a master’s in chemistry. She was then appointed as the college’s first female chemistry instructor.
After she was contacted for help by a surgeon who worked with leprosy patients, Ball began studying a traditional treatment for leprosy involving oil from the seeds of the chaulmoogra tree.
Chaulmoogra oil had previously shown potential for helping leprosy patients, but its results were unreliable and it was difficult to administer safely—causing side effects like nausea and painful lesions under the skin.
In an impressive breakthrough, Ball developed a method for modifying the active compounds of chaulmoogra oil into a water-soluble solution that could be injected safely, minimizing side effects while greatly alleviating pain for patients.
This innovation eventually came to be known as “the Ball Method,” and it was so effective that by 1920, health authorities reported that many patients who received the treatment were able to return home instead of having to remain in quarantine for the rest of their lives.
For more than two decades, the Ball Method was the standard treatment for leprosy. While not a complete cure, it was the only effective treatment available until the 1940s. Today, the Ball method has been replaced by modern multidrug therapy, but it was a pivotal development in the treatment of leprosy.
Tragically, Ball didn’t live long enough to publish her findings or see the results of her work. She died in 1916 after accidentally suffering chlorine poisoning while teaching in her laboratory.
As an added injustice, Ball was denied recognition for her achievement for several decades. After she died, her graduate advisor, who had access to her research, published the findings without acknowledging Ball or giving her credit.
It wasn’t until the 1970s that professors at the University of Hawaii found records of Ball’s research, realized that she’d been unjustly overlooked, and made sure that she was finally recognized for her work.
In 2000, the University of Hawaii honored Ball by dedicating a plaque to her on the school's only chaulmoogra tree, and in 2007 its Board of Regents awarded her the school’s highest honor, the Medal of Distinction. A scholarship has also been established in her name.
In 2022, Hawaii’s governor signed a proclamation declaring February 28 as "Alice Augusta Ball Day."
You can read more about Alice Ball’s life and work on Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Ball
🖊️ A tip of the pen to author and musician Patti Smith, who shared the story of Alice Ball during a 2022 City Arts & Lectures podcast with writer Michael Chabon in San Francisco.