09/12/2025
Bucephalus (355-326 BC)
The most famous legendary war horse of antiquity, owned by Alexander the Great. He accompanied Alexander the Great on his campaigns from Macedonia to India. He died after the Battle of the Hydaspes in northern India and was buried in Bucephalus. Bucephalus is a city founded by Alexander the Great in memory of Bucephalus, located in present-day Pakistan and called Jhelum.
According to Plutarch, Bucephalus was one of the horses brought to Macedonia from Thessaly for training...
In 344 BC, Philoneicus, a horse trader, offered it to King Philip for sale. When the horse was presented to Philip, it became restless and could not be controlled, so Philip abandoned the purchase. However, Alexander, then 13 years old, offered the horse the chance to train it. Realizing the horse was restless because it was afraid of its own shadow, Alexander turned its head toward the sun, preventing the horse from seeing its own shadow, thus calming it.
According to Plutarch, Philip told his son, "Go seek another land, my son. This one is too small for you."
Alexander, who showed Bucephalus affection and affection, earned his loyalty and forged a strong bond between him and Bucephalus.
When Bucephalus was stolen by thieves in the city of Sadrakarta, Alexander warned the locals that the horse must be returned or the settlement would be razed to the ground. The thieves then returned the horse. Instead of punishing the thieves, Alexander rewarded them and allowed them to return.
Bucephalus, one of the legendary horses of the ancient world, has also inspired artists. The Louvre Museum houses a special exhibition of paintings of Alexander and Bucephalus. In the 2004 film "Alexander the Great," Bucephalus was portrayed by a Friesian horse. Bucephalus is also the name of a fantastical horse in the film The Adventures of Baron Munchausen.
Depicted as a long-maned, black, courageous, and massive-headed animal, Bucephalus has been the subject of numerous mythological tales, even being exalted above Pegasus in some myths. One myth mentions a Delphic oracle telling Philip that whoever succeeded in riding this horse would rule the world.