10/31/2022
Balance is vitally important to our everyday function, consisting of three main sensations: somatosensation (pressure, touch, sensation in ligaments, muscles, tendons, joints, and more), vision, and vestibular sensation (from the inner ear). These sensations tell our brains about any disturbances to our equilibrium that might warrant response. When received by the brain, these messages are broken down and interpreted. Different brain centers confer with one another to interpret if a given message warrants action. If that threshold is met then impulses are sent via certain nuclei and the motor cortex to attempt correction. With these corrections, the body must make situational inferences to deliver an appropriate yet effective muscle force to stabilize the body. It all sounds a bit complicated, doesn’t it? That’s because it is! The body has feedforward and feedback balance strategies, meaning that not only does the body correct balance issues but also anticipates them and proactively addresses them before they’re a problem. It is an amazingly complex system that keeps us moving in a busy world. However, as we age, any of these systems can change – often for the worse. With time, our somatosensation, vision, and vestibular system do not work so well, limiting the amount of information our processing centers in our brains receive. Our nerve conduction speed also reduces, slowing the cross-talk between different brain centers. Lastly, our speed of muscle contraction, strength, and coordination also reduce. This all sounds rather depressing. “I must be at risk of a fall due to all of these!” However, that is not necessarily the case. Robust research has been done in this area, particularly in aging populations. It shows that the most effective way of improving functional balance is physical therapy. In-depth evaluation can show which parts of your sensory system are performing suboptimally. Standardized testing can tell clinicians which aspect of your balance is most affected – acquiring information from your body, processing that information, or sending out messages to muscles. Physiotherapists can even discern if you are having difficulty with feedback, feedforward, or both aspects of balance strategy. Once the right program has been customized for you, maintenance via home exercise program is highly effective… so please don’t give up if you’re feeling off balance. Instead, talk to your highly qualified PTs at Complete Physiotherapy.