12/21/2025
Holly
Hollies are evergreen shrubs and trees in the genus Ilex L., in the monogeneric family Aquifoliaceae, with at least 669 known Ilex species according to regional taxonomic literature. Ilex aquifolium, commonly known as English holly, Christmas holly, or holly, is native to the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe (e.g., Mediterranean countries). It has glossy, spiny leaves—dark green and leathery with white flowers that produce bright red drupes (berries) in winter. The holly tree is sacred in Celtic mythology, as the Druids and Celts believed it symbolized eternal life because it remained green through the winter.
English holly is mainly known for its festive Christmas decor, hung around doorways, used to make wreaths, garlands, and centerpieces, or added to table settings. Therefore, many people don't realize it contains a suite of bioactives that set it apart from other herbal remedies. The leaves of English holly and other holly species have been used for centuries to make medicine. The active compounds identified through reliable phytochemical screening include triterpene saponins, rutin, quercitrin, and small amounts of caffeine-like methylxanthines.
Traditionally, the dried holly leaves are used—never the toxic berries—for infusions, decoctions, or combined with other diuretics. An infusion such as tea made from leaves and/or twigs is used to help with catarrh, pleurisy, and smallpox. The febrifugal and tonic properties have been used in intermittent fevers and rheumatism. Traditional medicinal preparations from other Ilex (hollies) species are used to support the treatment of liver, stomach, and intestinal cancers, dropsy, fever, gout, jaundice, malaria, warts, swelling, and tumours (Nahar et al. 2005).
Consideration
The main caution with English holly (Ilex aquifolium) is its toxic berries, which cause vomiting/diarrhea if eaten. Please keep the holly away from children and pets. Handle the spiky leaves carefully, wearing gloves to prevent cuts. Fallen berries should be cleaned up immediately due to their toxicity to pets and people. Do not consume the holly if in doubt about the species. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting a holistic protocol to help with a health condition.
Source:
Nahar, L., Russell, W. R., Middleton, M., Shoeb, M., & Sarker, S. D. (2005). Antioxidant phenylacetic acid derivatives from the seeds of Ilex aquifolium. Acta Pharmaceutica, 55(2), 187-193. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/25806
https://ask-ayurveda.com/wiki/article/4666-ilex-aquifolium
https://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/h/holly-28.html