02/19/2026
Most women don't find out they have a problem until the problem is advanced. Insulin resistance that's been building for years.
Thyroid dysfunction that's been dismissed as stress. Deficiencies that were never checked. Here's how to find these issues before they become crises.
I'm doing a series this week on cardiovascular disease in women, how it can be a silent killer, and what you can do now to protect yourself. If you're just joining, scroll back through my recent posts to catch up.
Today I'm focusing on the metabolic markers that catch insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, and nutrient deficiencies years before they become problems. These metabolic issues don't just affect your energy or your weight. They are quietly accelerating cardiovascular disease, and your standard panel is missing them entirely.
🩺 Here are the tests I recommend and how to interpret them:
❤️ Fasting Insulin
Here is what happens all the time. A woman gets her A1c checked. It comes back 5.4%. Normal range. She's told everything looks fine. But if someone had checked her fasting insulin, they might have found it sitting at 15 or 18, which tells a completely different story.
Most women are years into insulin resistance before their A1c ever budges. Your body compensates by pumping out more and more insulin to keep your blood sugar normal. By the time your A1c starts creeping up, you have been insulin resistant for years and the damage is already happening.
Fasting insulin catches it early, while the window to reverse it is still wide open. It is one of the most important tests you can ask for and it is almost never ordered on a standard panel.
✅ Optimal goal: under 10 uIU/mL.
❤️ TG/HDL Ratio
This is not a separate test. You can calculate it from a standard lipid panel you may already have. Take your triglycerides and divide by your HDL. This ratio is one of the simplest screening tools for insulin resistance available.
This ratio does not diagnose insulin resistance. It's a screening tool. If your ratio is above 2.0, that's a signal to dig deeper with fasting insulin and A1c. Don't assume you have insulin resistance based on this number alone, but do use it as a reason to ask for more comprehensive testing.
✅ Optimal goal: under 2.0, with closer to 1.0 being ideal.
❤️ Hemoglobin A1c
This is your three-month average blood sugar. Why does this matter for your heart? Because chronically elevated blood sugar and the insulin resistance that drives it cause ongoing damage to the lining of your blood vessels.
Guidelines recommend testing starting at age 45. I recommend knowing this number well before then, especially if you have any family history of diabetes or heart disease.
Here's what I see all the time in my practice: women with A1c levels in the prediabetic range, between 5.7% and 6.4%, who were either never told about it or were told there's nothing to do until it fully progresses to diabetes. That's not true. Prediabetes is not a waiting room. It's a warning sign, and it's entirely reversible with the right intervention.
✅ Optimal goal: 5.3% or below for metabolic health.
❤️ Vitamin D
Low vitamin D is consistently associated with increased cardiovascular risk, higher inflammation, and poorer metabolic health. Deficiency is extremely common, especially through the winter months here in North Alabama. It is an easy and inexpensive fix once you know your number.
✅ Optimal goal: between 50 and 80 ng/mL.
❤️ Full Thyroid Panel (TSH, Free T3, Free T4, Thyroid Antibodies)
Your thyroid and your heart are more connected than most people realize. Thyroid dysfunction directly affects your lipid levels, your heart rate, and your overall cardiovascular risk. Hypothyroidism is far more common in women than men and is frequently missed when it is not part of routine screening.
Most doctors only order TSH, but that's not the full picture. You need Free T3 and Free T4 to understand how your thyroid is actually functioning, and thyroid antibodies to catch autoimmune thyroid disease early.
Standard lab reference ranges for TSH are typically 0.5 to 4.5 or 5.0 mIU/L, but many women with TSH in the upper half of that range still experience symptoms of hypothyroidism. If your TSH is above 2.5 and you have symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, or cold intolerance, it's worth a deeper conversation with your doctor about whether treatment might help, even if you're technically "in range."
✅ Optimal goal for TSH: most women feel best with TSH between 1.0 and 2.5 mIU/L, though this varies individually. Free T3 and Free T4 should be in the upper half of the reference range for optimal function.
You are not asking for too much by requesting these tests. You are asking for the standard of care you have always deserved.
📋 Bring this to your next appointment. If your doctor says these tests aren't necessary, ask why. A good physician will explain their reasoning and help you understand your individual risk. If the conversation feels dismissive or you're not getting the answers you need, it's okay to seek a second opinion or find a provider who practices the kind of preventive medicine you're looking for.
You deserve a partner in your health, not a gatekeeper.