02/02/2026
The Healthy Aging Initiative speaker series continues into 2026! NewBridge on the Charles recently welcomed Dr. Sharon Inouye, Director of the Aging Brain Center at the Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, who talked about her journey in delirium research.
Noting that delirium is different from a chronic state like dementia, Dr. Inouye defined delirium as a temporary state of confusion that causes a person's mind to be clouded, making it difficult to pay attention and focus.
"It is believed, for the most part, that delirium is temporary and reversible. So why should we care about it? It turns out it is very common," she said. "It is estimated that about five older adults become delirious every minute in the United States."
That amounts to approximately 2.6 million people annually, with most cases developing when a person is hospitalized for an acute illness or after surgery. Dr. Inouye described delirium as a common problem that can cause serious complications and increase the cost of health care. Delirium is estimated to cost hospitals more than $8 billion annually, as well as more than $150 billion annually in post-hospital costs such as home care and rehabilitation.
The complications associated with delirium include functional and cognitive decline, post-traumatic stress disorder, increased rates of dementia, and an increased morbidity rate, among others. However, up to 50 percent of delirium cases are preventable. Dr. Inouye shared tips for reducing the risk of delirium when a family member is hospitalized or going in for elective surgery, including bringing a complete list of all medications to the hospital and preparing a "medical information sheet" that lists allergies, known medical conditions, and contact information for the patient's physicians and pharmacy.
"It sounds so obvious, but I can't tell you how many times we don't have that," she said.
Other tips include bringing their glasses, hearing aids, and dentures to the hospital; bringing in a familiar object from home; and staying with them in the hospital as much as possible.
Being present is also key when caring for a family member with delirium. When faced with delirium in a hospital setting, she suggests staying with the person as much as possible, maintaining a quiet, peaceful environment, bringing in a familiar object from home, and playing soothing music.
"It is so important for family members to be there to provide support. A lot of family members tell me they don't know what to do and feel so useless, but just sitting there and being there is something the patient needs," Dr. Inouye said.
In addition to her work with the Marcus Institute, Dr. Inouye is a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and editor-in-chief of JAMA Internal Medicine. She developed the Confusion Assessment Method, the most widely used delirium tool worldwide, and created the Hospital Elder Life Program to provide age-friendly care designed to prevent both delirium and functional decline.
The discussion was part of the Healthy Aging Initiative speaker series, where Marcus Institute experts discuss their research and findings with the NewBridge on the Charles community. The Healthy Aging Initiative is a longitudinal study that aims to identify the factors and predictors of lifelong health and well-being, identify early biomarkers for disease and rate of aging, determine the factors that modify the progression of disease, discover the risks for specific illnesses, and enable the development of interventions.
To learn more about the Healthy Aging Initiative, please visit https://bit.ly/4hhyhGg