08/31/2021
Overdoses can kill. As a person begins to overdose their breath slows and may even stop. The key to saving the life of a person who is overdosing is to get them breathing again as quickly as possible. Overdoses are most common among those who use opioids and may be increasing in some populations or areas recently in the context of COVID-19. Drug overdoses from other drugs (e.g., co***ne, methamphetamine) have also been increasing, largely due to the mixing of these drugs with opioids such as fentanyl. Factors that increase the risk of overdose and death include drug use following a drug-free period, mixing substances, using alone, and having other medical conditions such as lung or heart conditions.
Signs of an Overdose:
• Falling asleep, loss of consciousness
• Shallow or no breathing
• Limp body (though may be rigid with fentanyl)
• Choking or gurgling sounds
• Small, constricted, 'pinpoint' pupils (may be difficult to see in an emergency)
• Pale blue or cold skin, lips, or nails (factors including skin tone could make this difficult to see)
If you suspect an opioid overdose you should:
-Call 911
-Administer naloxone. Giving naloxone to a person who is overdosing can save their life. COVID-19 should not stop you from using naloxone when needed. It is very safe to do so.
-If you are trained and comfortable doing so, you can also do rescue breathing and/or chest compressions until they wake up.
-When the person wakes up, advise them that treatment can help and that medication is available for opioid use disorder and wait for emergency help to arrive.
RESCUE BREATHING AND CHEST COMPRESSIONS
•Rescue breathing, even with a breathing mask, and chest compressions may carry a risk for COVID-19 transmission, however, these techniques when correctly done can save lives, particularly if naloxone is not available.
• There is no mandate that rescue breathing or any other form of resuscitation be taught by programs or carried out by trained responders.
• It is an individual responder’s decision, informed by the risks, whether to provide rescue breathing.
• The most critical interventions remain administration of naloxone and calling 911.