Web LAc

02/03/2026

Pharmacokinetics (PK) describes how the body handles a drug through four main, sequential stages often summarized as ADME: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion.
Oral Glutathione gets absorbed into the local intestinal cells and can cause diarrhea. For this reason N-Acetyl-Cysteine is often used instead of oral Glutathione because it can get into the bloodstream and to other target tissue cells where it gets converted into intercellular Glutathione to protect the cell's power plant (mitochondrion) from oxidative damage from Reactive Oxidative Species ROS (aka free-radicals). Glutathione does this through the 'Glutathione Recycler' pathway biochemical pathway. This can occur in cancer cells too and so you may want to think twice about using it during chemotherapy so as not to protect the cancer cells from being killed.

The glutathione recycler pathway, or redox cycle, is the process of converting oxidized glutathione (GSSG) back to its reduced, active form (GSH) to maintain cellular antioxidant defense. This process is driven by the enzyme glutathione reductase, which uses NADPH as a cofactor, ensuring a continuous supply of glutathione for detoxification. (see image))

Key Aspects of the Glutathione Recycler Pathway:
Mechanism: When glutathione protects cells from oxidative stress, it becomes oxidized (GSSG). Glutathione reductase then reduces GSSG back into 2 molecules of active GSH.
NADPH Dependence: The recycler pathway relies on NADPH, which is often generated by the Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) shunt (or pentose phosphate pathway).Role of Enzymes: Glutathione peroxidase triggers the conversion of GSH to GSSG while neutralizing free radicals, and glutathione reductase reverses this, acting as the key recycling step.
Significance: This system is critical for mitochondrial health and protecting cells from oxidative damage.Supplementation: Formulas, such as those by Apex Energetics, often include N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC), selenium, and other nutrients to support this natural recycling process.

Key Difference: Recycling (GSSG ---> GSH) is distinct from de novo synthesis, where GSH is built from scratch, though both are crucial for maintaining high levels of this antioxidant.

S-acetyl L-glutathione (SAG) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) both act to increase intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, but they operate through different pathways and with varying efficacy. While NAC acts as a precursor providing the raw materials for de novo synthesis, S-acetyl L-glutathione acts as a direct delivery mechanism of the intact glutathione molecule, often resulting in more rapid or efficient replenishment of cellular stores. S-Acetyl L-Glutathione (SAG) in the Glutathione Pathway SAG is a stable, acetylated form of glutathione that is designed to overcome the poor absorption of standard oral glutathione. National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Mechanism: SAG is absorbed intact in the gastrointestinal tract and is more stable in the blood. Due to its acetyl group, it easily crosses cellular membranes. Once inside the cell, it is deacetylated (the acetyl group is removed) to release active, reduced glutathione (GSH) directly into the cytosol.Glutathione Recycler Interaction: SAG provides a direct, ready-to-use form of GSH. It does not rely on the cell’s rate-limiting synthesis enzymes (like gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase) to work, making it highly effective in cells where synthesis is impaired (e.g., in aging or disease).Key Advantage: It bypasses the need for the body to produce or recycle GSH, immediately augmenting the intracellular pool.

Apex Energetics offers three distinct approaches to increasing intracellular glutathione levels, each targeting different parts of the glutathione pathway: AC-Glutathione (direct intracellular delivery), Glutathione Recycler (synthesis/recycling support), and Trizomal Glutathione (three-tiered delivery).
1. AC-Glutathione (K88/K117)
Mechanism: Direct Intracellular Delivery (S-Acetyl L-Glutathione)
Active Ingredient: S-acetyl L-glutathione (SAG).
Action: This form is designed to be highly stable in the digestive tract and easily absorbed. The acetyl group allows it to pass through cell membranes more effectively, directly increasing intracellular and mitochondrial glutathione levels.
Key Advantage: It is designed to resist breakdown in the digestive system, making it ideal for direct, targeted intracellular, and mitochondrial antioxidant support.
Best For: Individuals who need to directly boost reduced glutathione (GSH) levels inside the cell, particularly if sensitive to N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC).

2. Glutathione Recycler (K57/K81)
Mechanism: Synthesis and Recycling Support (Cofactors & Precursors)
Active Ingredients: N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC), Selenium, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Cordyceps, Gotu Kola, and Milk Thistle.
Action: Rather than providing glutathione directly, this formula supplies the necessary building blocks (cysteine via NAC) and metabolic cofactors (selenium) to help the body produce its own glutathione. It also includes ingredients aimed at recycling "used" (oxidized) glutathione back into its active "reduced" (GSH) form, thereby improving the reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratio.
Key Advantage: Focuses on optimizing the body's natural production and recycling mechanisms.
Best For: Individuals looking to support the body’s internal, natural synthesis and recycling pathways, or needing liver and detoxification support.

3. Trizomal Glutathione (K-122/K-129A)
Mechanism: Three-Tiered Liposomal Delivery
Active Ingredients: A combination of S-acetyl L-glutathione (SAG), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), and N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) in a liposomal solution.
Action: This is a comprehensive approach that uses three methods simultaneously:
Intracellular (SAG): Direct delivery via acetylated glutathione.
Biosynthesis (NAC): Providing precursors for intracellular production.
Systemic (GSH): Providing reduced glutathione for extracellular/systemic support.
Key Advantage: Uses a "double layer" of protection (liposomal delivery + acetylation) for maximum absorption and bioavailability of the glutathione molecule.
Best For: Individuals needing the highest level of comprehensive support (cellular, mitochondrial, and systemic).

11/05/2025

What is Cancer?

Cancer is a genetic disease, it is caused by one of two things: inactivated of a tumor suppressor gene (normally active and interfering with the expression of a proto-oncogene) or activation of a proto-oncogene (genes possible normally active during human development with rapid cell growth and division). Gene mutation can be a factor. Epigenetic (epi "upon" genetics "genome") are factors in the internal and external environment that can influence the expression of genes.

The six common types of gene mutations, which can be categorized by the structural changes they cause, are: deletion, duplication, inversion, insertion, translocation, and point mutation. Other classifications exist, but these six represent a broad overview of common changes to a gene's structure or nucleotide sequence.

Six types of gene mutations
Deletion: A segment of the DNA sequence is lost.

Duplication: A segment of the DNA sequence is repeated.
Inversion: A segment of a chromosome is reversed end-to-end.

Insertion: A segment of DNA is added to a chromosome.
Translocation: A segment of a chromosome is moved to another chromosome.

Point Mutation: A mutation that alters a single nucleotide base pair. This can be a substitution (swapping one base for another) or an indel (inserting or deleting a single base).

Other important classifications
Frameshift mutations: These occur when insertions or deletions shift the reading frame of the genetic code, changing every subsequent amino acid.

Silent mutation: A point mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence.
Missense mutation: A point mutation that changes one amino acid in the protein sequence.

Nonsense mutation: A point mutation that changes an amino acid into a stop codon, prematurely ending protein synthesis.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867418303593

The etiological factors influencing these mutations can be broadly categorized into environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, infectious agents, and endogenous cellular processes.

Etiological Factors by Mutation Type
Mutation Type Etiological Factors
Point Mutations (Single nucleotide variants) Errors during DNA replication are a primary endogenous cause. Exogenous factors include chemical carcinogens (e.g., in to***co smoke causing specific KRAS mutations in lung cancer), UV radiation (linked to BRAF V600E in melanoma), and certain infectious agents.

Insertions and Deletions (Indels) These can result from errors in DNA replication or repair processes. Some chemical carcinogens and biological elements like transposons can also induce insertions and deletions.

Translocations and Inversions (Chromosomal rearrangements) Ionizing radiation (gamma rays, X-rays) is a major external cause of double-strand breaks that can lead to large-scale rearrangements. Internal factors include defects in DNA damage repair pathways and errors during cell division. For example, specific translocations are characteristic of certain leukemias.

Aneuploidy (Changes in chromosome number) This is often caused by errors in the process of cell division (mitosis), specifically issues with chromosome segregation. These errors can be influenced by inherited genetic factors (e.g., mutations in genes that regulate mitosis) or environmental toxins that disrupt the cell cycle.

General Etiological Categories
Most cancers are caused by acquired somatic mutations occurring after birth, which are heavily
influenced by the following factors:

Chemical Carcinogens: Substances like those found in to***co smoke (a major cause of various cancers), asbestos, benzene, and formaldehyde damage DNA and lead to various mutations, including point mutations and deletions.

Radiation:
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun causes specific DNA damage (e.g., thymine dimers) primarily leading to point mutations in skin cells.
Ionizing radiation (e.g., medical imaging, radon gas, occupational exposure) can cause single and double-strand breaks, frequently resulting in larger chromosomal rearrangements.

Infectious Agents: Certain viruses and bacteria can induce mutations or chronic inflammation that increases cancer risk. Examples include Human Papillomavirus (HPV) linked to cervical cancer, and Hepatitis B and C viruses associated with liver cancer.

Lifestyle Factors & Chronic Conditions:
Diet and Alcohol can influence cancer risk and potentially the types of mutations that occur, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract.
Obesity and Chronic Inflammation create environments that can lead to increased cell proliferation and the accumulation of mutations over time.

Inherited Genetics: A small percentage (5-10%) of cancers are linked to inherited germline mutations in genes like BRCA1, BRCA2, or TP53, which make an individual more susceptible to accumulating additional cancer-driving mutations over their lifetime.
Age: The accumulation of mutations over a lifetime due to both internal cellular processes and environmental exposures is a primary reason why cancer risk increases with age.

(adding topics to cover)
Parasites & pathogens
Disease progression vicariation Heel

Genetic alterations in signaling pathways that control cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, and cell growth are common hallmarks of cancer, but the exte…

10/04/2025

Walking 7,000 steps per day reduces the risk of dying https://www.thefocalpoints.com/p/new-study-walking-7000-steps-daily?fbclid=IwT01FWANNfaFleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHnvQj0VrOctjJOlAMhXEfgYJpJ0w9KJsf0xXSxaau_7iF3zA4cbGZzyFvABW_aem_Q7O18GcviCVy5IftmFmCeQ

Landmark meta‑analysis of nearly 1 million people finds walking reduces death risk by almost half and protects against many major diseases.

12/18/2024

Jiminy Crickets I was hoping to stay out of the Facebook/Meta free-speech censors this year but, here goes anyways . . .
Originally vaccines were designed to have an initial inoculation shot as a primer followed by a booster after 28 days.

The humoral immune system normally produces IgM immunoglobulin in first response to an antigen on a bacteria and then upon subsequent exposure undergoes a class-shift to make IgG immunological memory B-cells.

If a pathogen is severe and not cleared right away, and lasting 3 weeks then the Thelper cells can produce IL17 (Interleukin-17) cytokine that induces a Th17 immune response which speeds up the process of creating memory B cells.

Over concern that a parent might not give their children the booster shots and the vaccine loosing it's efficacy, the pharmaceutical companies developed single shot vaccines. These includes the attenuation agent Thimerosal which contains mercury which is a toxic heavy metal. The Thimerosal induces a Th17 response causing the humoral immune system to react more aggressively to induce immunological memory.

Did Scientists lie to the American public about the association between vaccines containing mercury in Thimerosal causing Autism?
https://www.facebook.com/reel/1156548989255017?mibextid=9drbnH&s=yWDuG2&fs=e

Mercury can cross over the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and get lodged in brain tissue and act as a hapten causing this combination of heavy metal + brain tissue to be identified as a foreign antigen and induce an immune response by triggering the microglia that are the immune cells in the brain. An activated microglia is kinda like straping a bazooka onto a chihuahua, highly excitable and indiscriminately destructive. If you aim a bazooka at a target on the wall, you end up taking out the whole wall!

In the rest of the body we have Treg (Regulatory T-cells) that have receptors for vitamin D which activate these cells which then calm down the Thelper cells lowering the immune response for example after getting over a cold/flu.

But, in the brain we do not have Treg cells to calm down activated Microglia. This is like a house on fire, neuroinflammation causing 'brain fog' this can result in the production of neurotransmitters (NT) as well as decreased NT receptor sensitivity.

Add to this the fact that childhood vaccination schedules often call for giving multiple vaccinations or a combined vaccine shot at tye sane time including vaccinating simultaneously against bacteria and viruses.

This Rev-up in cytokine production overestimating the immune system to induce immunological memory and inadvertently Reving-up the Microglia attack on the brain and impairing NT function is possible to be the culprit with the large increase in Autism and spectral disorders. Further research would help to rule this out or corroborate this observation.

The 'Cellular' immune system is our body's natural response to virus.

The Th1 subset of cytokines stimulate the Cellular immune response.

The 'Humoral' immune system is tye body's natural immune response to bacteria. The humoral immune system is primed and subsequently induced into immunological memory during vaccinations.

Thimerosal is still used in some Flu shot and travel vaccinations! It might be a really good suggestion to avoid getting vaccines containing Thimerosal but, as a doctor. Oh, by the way iatrogenic medicine (doctor error) is no longer the #3 most common cause of death in America, it got passed up by Covid.

The most common cold/flu are rhinoVirus, influenza Virus, respiratory sensitive Virus (RSV), and coronaVirus; notice that these are all Viruses and not bacteria (staph or Strep, etc). Antibiotics only work against Bacteria (not Virus). And, if your vaccine kicks in to start making antibodies this will shift your Thelper cell immune balance away from Th1 Cellular (the body's natural anti-viral response) over to Th2 Humoral instead to make antibodies (our body's normal anti-bacteria response). All these cytokines actually cross over the BBB and influence Microglia immune response as either M1 or M2 which have a hard time switching back.

01/17/2024

People are going to talk, hate, and put out negative energy when you're growing, evolving, and becoming the person God wants you to be. Don't let what other people are saying or doing stop you from shining.

11/23/2023

What are you thankful for today on Thanksgiving day? And, what is your favorite food at Thanksgiving dinner? Please post your answer in the comments and see link in comments for survey results.
https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/YSDLG6J

10/25/2023

Have a safe and Happy Halloween! Safety tip, if you happen to encounter the Grimm Reaper quickly run and take sanctuary in the 'Living room'
🤣🤣🤣
https://youtu.be/Dy4HA3vUv2c?feature=shared

08/31/2023

There are two main branches to the immune system, the "cellular" and the "humoral" (means fluids). The 'Cellular' immune system has white blood cells (WBC) such as killer T-cells (Tkiller) which survey and destroy body cells that are either infected with virus or that have cancer. And, the 'Humoral' immune system B-cells produce antibodies (aka immunoglobulins such as IgG, IgA, IgM, IgG, and IgD) these Antibodies circulate throughout the blood stream as well as in the other humors (fluids) IgA is in breast milk and tears, etc and they can attach to other cells such as macrophage.

These antibody molecules make up the various barriers systems in the body (GALT, MALT, SALT, BALT). Gastrointestinal Associated Lymphocytic Tissue (GALT) can become 'Leaky gut'

Every cell in our body except Red Blood Cells (RBC) have a receptor that it presents proteins made by that cell, (sort of like a tray at a party with a lot of fancy hors d'oeuvres). This receptor is MHC-ll (Major Histocampatibility Complex Type ll). There is also a MHC-l (Type l) which is found on some of the White Blood Cells (WBC) that are involved with the Humoral immune system.

The Cellular immune system has Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) that present for foreign protein (antigens) to the Immune system manager cells called T-helper cells (which are the ones target by the HIV virus that causes AIDS).

The Tkiller cells present antigen on its MHC l recrptor to the to the Thelper cell on its T-cell Receptor type l (TcR-l) which then activates the Thelper to produce Interlukin-2 (IL-2) to stimulate its own Interlukin-2 Receptor (IL-2R) as well as the IL-2R on the Tkiller cell which causes this cell to express genes turning it into a Cytotoxic killer cell (CTL). This enables that cell that is holding onto a virally infected or cancerous cell, to kill it by releasing 'perforin' which cause holes in the infected cell's membrane so that it swells up and is destroyed.

Cortisol is an anti-inflammatory because it 'down regulates' (decreases the gene expression) of IL-2R on the Thelper cell

The four classical signs of inflammation, originally recorded by the Roman encyclopedist Celsus in the 1st century A.D. are calor (heat), dolor (pain), rubor (redness), and tumor (swelling).

Insulin resistance causes inflammation.
Excessive carbohydrates including complex and simple sugars can cause the insulin receptors to become desensitized to insulin. (This is probably so the body can adapt and not take too much sugar into the cells).

This causes elevated glucose levels in the blood vessels. The glucose is transported around in the blood vessels by the HbA1c "A1c" protein on the Red Blood Cells (RBC). Normally RBCs have to be flexible in order to bend in half so they can squeeze through tiny capillaries in the ankle to supply oxygen to the tissues of the toes and through tiny capillaries in the eyes.

Every cell in the body requires oxygen (O2) in order to live. When the A1c is loaded down with glucose "glycosylation" it makes the RBC more rigid & less flexible and unable to reach the toes & the eyes. This is the reason that diabetics can lose their toes &/or go blind.

Incidentally, glycosylation of the skin protein collagen is what causes wrinkles! If you want to have more youthful wrinkle-free skin then don't eat too much sugar or carbohydrates.

Messenger molecules called "cytokines" used by the immune system to communicate between immune cells. These cytokines are processed in the liver and converted into C-reactive protein (CRP). This is one of the makers that we use to check for inflammation. Homocysteine is another marker for inflammation and elevated levels have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk of having a heart attack.

The cartilage cells require oxygen. Special capillaries called "fenestrated" capillaries exchange oxygen from the blood into the synovial fluid that lubricates the joints. These fenestrated capillaries can get blocked up by the CRP. When this happens it can cause hydrogen peroxide that is normally in the synovial fluid to disassociate into two hydroxyl radicals which each have a lone unpaired electron thus making them highly reactive. These free radicals attack the cartilage, "it is like putting bees in a jar and putting the lid on and then shaking up the jar, the bees are going to bounce off the inside of the lid", (Dan Harper, MD). This causes 'oxidative damage' which over time can lead to osteoarthritis this causes pain and promotes inflammation. The joints become red, painful, swollen, and hot to the touch.

The conversion of Arachidonic acid (a 26-carbon molecule) into prostaglandin by the enzyme Cyclooxygenase (COX-1 or COX-2) which is inhibited by NSAiDS (Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, aspirin, etc) produces PGD2 (stimulates pain receptors), PGE2, PGF2 (pyretic, causes fever), PGG2
(to be con't)

When two adjacent antibodies on a macrophage attach to an Antigen such a glyphosate-tainted gluten prote

04/29/2023

Q: What's the best natural treatment for lowering blood pressure?

A: Remember 'Functional Medicine' is supposed to be all about 'restoring function' to correct the underlying cause of the high blood pressure. It is not about allopathic will pill one ill mentality or replacing the pill with a natural nurticeutical. So, how can you determine a treatment if you don't have the underlying cause diagnosed? There are all kinds of things that can lower blood pressure but, the question is which of these things is appropriate for lowering this patient's blood pressure based on its cause?

What is the cause of the elevated blood pressure, is just the systolic blood pressure elevated, or just the diastolic blood pressure elevated, or are both systolic & diastolic blood pressure elevated? What is their blood pressure?

High blood pressure is divided into primary, and secondary. Primary high blood pressure is idiopathic meaning the cause is not known*.

Secondary high blood pressure is caused due to arteriosclerosis, COPD with right ventricular hypertrophy, increased peripheral resistance, etc.

*It is thought that elevated sodium intake can displace potassium resulting in high blood pressure. Without knowing more about the patient I would say in general that reducing sodium uptake by not salting the food, and taking supplemental potassium could be a possible improvement for primary high blood pressure.

If their high blood pressure is due to arteriosclosis reducing the blood vessel diameter then reducing plaquing using EDTA IV chelation but, this is not within my scope of practice so I defer to those who can do this.

Additionally, NitricBalance (Apex Energetics) supports eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide) and nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide) without elevating the undesirable iNOS (inducible nitric oxide).

Red rice yeast (is the Chinese herb from which most of the statin cholesterol lowering medications come from. All of these medications deplete CoQ10 so supplemental CoQ

04/29/2023

Many studies link a diagonal earlobe crease on one or both ears — known as Frank's sign — with a higher risk of cardiovascular conditions such as stroke and heart attack. While the underlying mechanism that links it with a heart attack is lacking, many studies prove the association.

This patient had previously already had a heart attack and, had recently had an episode of syncope (loss of consciousness). This alerted me to the concern of intervention to help prevent another future heart attack or syncope episode.

If you or someone that you know has Frank's sign you may want to share this post with them and see if you stir an interest in having them get it checked out with their MD and an acupuncturist/Chinese herbalist.

04/24/2023

Generally probiotics supplement the microbiota in the large intestine, SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth) is an exception. The resulting increased colonization of the healthy bacterial strain(s) encroached on harmful bacteria that may be residing there which can lead to their die-off and potentially contribute to a Herxhiemer or "Herx" reaction with bacteria dying, decaying, releasing ammonia which can get into the brain, can interfere with sleep or flu-like symptoms including headache, joint and muscle pain, body aches, sore throat, general malaise, sweating, chills, nausea, or other symptoms.

"The amino acid Ornithine is an ammonia reducer. Take Ornithine at bedtime as needed to help you sleep. Start with 2 capsules at bedtime, but you may need up to 6 or 8 capsules in order the feel the effect. Sleep aids should not be used continuously for more than seven days."

"L-Arginine helps to remove ammonia released by parasites. Arginine, however, is an energizer that should be taken during the daytime. This is helpful if you’re feeling tired during daytime hours while on the Parasite Cleanse, especially if you have chosen to give up caffeine (coffee) while on the cleanse. Take as needed in the morning or during daytime hours."

L-Arginine and L-Ornithine are amino acids which are some of the building blocks of protein, according to Hulga Clark.

Are L-Arginine and L-Ornithine reactive?

The more diversified the healthy microbiata species the healthier the individual.

"The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio is widely accepted to have an important influence in maintaining normal intestinal homeostasis. Increased or decreased F/B ratio is regarded as dysbiosis, whereby the former is usually observed with obesity, and the latter with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)". The optimal F/B Ratio is 12 - 620.

There are 3 main branches of the immune system: cellular, humoral, innate. The cellular immune response involves white blood cells (WBC) that are engage