11/05/2025
FAMC Medical Minute
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
By: Cathy Frisko-Holsing, LCSW-PIP
Do you notice your mood change with the seasons? Many people feel “down” at times, but for 5–10% of Americans, it’s more than that—it’s Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a type of depression linked to seasonal changes. Most often, SAD appears in fall and winter (winter-pattern SAD) due to shorter days and less sunlight, though some experience it in spring or summer (summer-pattern SAD).
Research shows that people with SAD, especially winter-pattern SAD, have lower levels of serotonin, a brain chemical that regulates mood. Reduced sunlight can disrupt serotonin balance, leading to symptoms of depression. Winter-pattern SAD often includes oversleeping, overeating, and social withdrawal, while summer-pattern SAD may cause poor sleep, low appetite, anxiety, restlessness, or agitation. Symptoms vary from person to person.
Treatment options include counseling, vitamin D, light therapy, and antidepressants. Start by talking with your primary care provider to review your health and treatment choices. Counseling provides education, coping strategies, and emotional support. Since those in the upper Midwest are at higher risk for low vitamin D, discuss supplements with your medical provider or dietitian. Light therapy and antidepressants may also be recommended, under professional guidance.
Self-awareness is key—notice changes in your mood, thoughts, and behaviors. Build healthy habits: get daily sunlight and fresh air, eat nutritious foods, limit alcohol and caffeine, and maintain good sleep hygiene. Movement of any kind—exercise, yard work, or housework—boosts mental health.
Finally, stay connected. Relationships with trusted friends, family, coworkers, or counselors provide essential support. Staying engaged with work, hobbies, and meaningful activities helps prevent isolation. By being informed, supported, and proactive, you can better manage SAD and protect your mental health through the seasons.
Resources:
· National Institute of Mental Health
· South Dakota Behavioral Health
· 988 Lifeline (call, text, or chat)