02/18/2026
Y'all are smart! Many of you correctly guessed what my top two after-hours phone calls are regarding high fevers (especially in babies) and toddler falls, covered here.
First thing I'll say, is that I never mind a phone call regarding either of these. If I can save you a trip to the ER at 7PM, I'm happy to do so. Concerning falls, we use a really cool tool called the PECARN head injury algorithm (linked in comments) to help us decide what we, as medical providers, should do next. Namely, should we obtain CT or not?
CT's ("cat scans") are the imaging of choice to look for a brain bleed. They're fast, easy, and accurate. However, they use a lot of radiation. Because of this, we want to limit the number of CT's we perform on kids' brains, especially when they're little and growing. The PECARN assessment tool came about to help decide when a CT is warranted. It splits kids into two categories, under and over 2 years of age, and it focuses on a few key details regarding your child's fall. These are:
1. Is there any altered mental status or a skull fracture we can feel? Automatic CT. (Of note, sleepiness does NOT always mean altered mental status! Many kids are sleepy after a fall, because it can be a traumatic and emotional event for the family.)
2. Is the child acting normally, and was there any loss of consciousness >5 second or vomiting after the event? CT vs prolonged observation in the ER or clinic. (Of note, this usually means vomiting immediately after. This does not necessarily include a child who got very upset and threw up after crying hard, which happens often.)
3. What the mechanism of injury severe? If yes, CT vs observation in the ER or clinic. If no (and everything else was no), CT not recommended. Severe mechanisms include fall from >3 feet, car accident, pedestrian or bike rider hit by a car. A child falling from standing height almost never warrants a CT. Notice I said "almost"! There are exceptions, and this is when talking to a medical professional is important.
Fortunately, the providers in our local ER follow these guidelines well, which has greatly reduced the number of unnecessary CT's our kids are getting. Most of these kids follow-up with us the next day in the office.
Feel free to check out the Head Injury Risk Calculator below. It's pretty cool to play around with. However, please do not ever use this tool on your own. There are many nuances that are involved, and talking to your pediatrician is important before deciding what to do next.
-Dr. Kelley
Picture of my dramatic son, who did not fall, but was VERY UPSET about something.