11/06/2019
Epilepsy Awareness Month Fact #3: Infantile spasms are a type of generalized seizure which typically begin in infancy. The spasms usually involve brief symmetrical contractions of the muscles of the neck, trunk, arms, and legs. In many cases, this behavior is accompanied by a rapid and forceful drop of the head, although in some children these movements can be very subtle. It’s important to note that there can be many variations of this pattern.
After individual spasms, children often cry. Although a single spasms may last only a few seconds, infantile spasms typically occur in clusters which may last several minutes. They have a distinct EEG pattern and are accompanied by developmental delay or halt in developmental progress. Clusters of spasms most often occur upon awakening, but can happen at any time of day.
The name infantile spasms can be misleading. Infantile spasms can be catastrophic to development. Developmental outcomes are poor in a majority of children with infantile spasms. Most children with infantile spasms will also have intellectual disability. Approximately 30% of children with infantile spasms will develop autism spectrum disorders. One survey found that 40% of children with autism had cerebral palsy and 15% died before the age of eleven years.
Infantile spasms are often misdiagnosed as colic, reflux, normal baby movements, or “overly concerned mother”.
It is imperative that a child is diagnosed early and quickly so that effective therapy can begin as soon as possible. This may positively impact outcomes. Currently, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and vigabatrin (also known as Sabril) are first-line therapies available in the United States; however, these therapies are not effective in all cases. High dose prednisone may also be effective for some children.
As part of our membership in the Infantile Spasms Action Network, we'll share more about infantile spasms during Infantile Spasms Awareness Week December 1 - 7.
Were your child's infantile spasms misdiagnosed? Share your journey.