02/25/2026
New at PATIENT SAFETY: Wrong-site surgery (WSS) is defined as a โsurgical or other invasive procedure performed on the wrong side, site, or patient, or an incorrect procedure performed on the patient.โ This avoidable medical error continues to be significant problem in hospitals and ambulatory surgical facilities (ASFs).
Expanding on previous WSS research, the authors of this study took a novel approach: They reviewed and analyzed 644 WSS events reported in Pennsylvania from 2015 to 2024 and identified combinations of clinically related variables, such as type of facility, hospital procedure location, error type, clinician specialty, region of the body, and specific procedure. Among their findings: Most of these WSS events occurred in hospitals rather than ASFs, distributed across operating rooms, interventional radiology, and other procedural locations. The most frequently involved specialties were interventional radiology, pain management, and orthopedics.
This study represents one of the largest samples of WSS events examined in a single study. The authors have visualized their deep-dive analysis in 16 figures, tables, and supplemental appendices to help stakeholders comprehend the many combinations of variables contributing to WSS, identify these factors in their own facility, and design interventions to improve patient safety.
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By Matthew A. Taylor, Molly Quesenberry & 1 more. Wrong-site surgery (WSS) remains a significant and avoidable medical error, persisting despite decades of national and international efforts to prevent it. Pennsylvania is one of the few large governments...