03/25/2026
New findings published in the prestigious journal Nature reveal why a brain tumor called ๐ฝ๐ผ๐๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐ณ๐ผ๐๐๐ฎ ๐๐๐ฝ๐ฒ ๐ (๐ฃ๐๐) ๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ป๐ฑ๐๐บ๐ผ๐บ๐ฎ affects boys more than girlsโinsights that could help shape more precise treatment approaches.
PFA ependymoma is a rare, aggressive brain tumor in young children and lacks targetable mutations, making treatment challenging. It affects both boys and girls, but boys are about 40% more likely to develop itโa difference that has been recognized but not wellโunderstood until now.
To better understand this pattern, researchers examined how sexโspecific development shapes PFA tumor behavior and identified a key biological driver. Using tumor samples and developmental models, ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ ๐ณ๐ผ๐๐ป๐ฑ ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ ๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฟ๐ผ๐ด๐ฒ๐ป๐โ๐บ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ฎ๐น๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐ถ๐ป ๐บ๐ฎ๐น๐ฒ ๐ถ๐ป๐ณ๐ฎ๐ป๐๐โ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ๐ผ๐๐ฒ ๐ฃ๐๐ ๐ด๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐๐ต ๐ฏ๐ ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ฒ๐ฝ๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐๐๐บ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐น๐น๐ ๐ถ๐ป ๐ฎ ๐น๐ฒ๐๐โ๐ฑ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ๐น๐ผ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ฑ, ๐บ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ฎ๐ด๐ด๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐๐ถ๐๐ฒ ๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ฒ.
๐ Read the full study:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10264-6
The lead authors on this study include (pictured by institution; top to bottom, left to right) ๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐ผ ๐ญ๐ต๐ฎ๐ป๐ด, PhD and ๐ ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฎ๐ฒ๐น ๐. ๐ง๐ฎ๐๐น๐ผ๐ฟ, MD, PhD (Texas Childrenโs Hospital); ๐ช๐ถ๐ป๐ป๐ถ๐ฒ ๐ข๐ป๐ด, PhD and ๐๐น๐ฒ๐
๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฟ๐ฎ ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐๐ป๐ถ๐๐๐๐ป, PhD (The Hospital for Sick Children); ๐๐๐น๐ฎ๐ป๐ฑ๐ฎ๐ถ๐บ๐ฎ๐ป๐๐๐ฒ๐น ๐๐ป๐๐ผ๐ป๐ ๐ ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฎ๐น๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ท, PhD (University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine); and ๐๐น๐ฎ๐๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฎ ๐. ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ถ๐ป๐บ๐ฎ๐ป, PhD (McGill University).
Building on these findings, the researchers also showed that blocking androgen signaling reduces tumor growth, suggesting that antiโandrogen therapy could be a promising avenue for future treatment development. And because androgens are present in both males and females, this type of therapy could benefit all children with PFA.
โOur study provides a biological explanation for why PFA ependymoma has a markedly higher incidence and worse prognosis in boys than in girls.โ โ ๐๐ฟ. ๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐ผ ๐ญ๐ต๐ฎ๐ป๐ด, co-first author
โThese findings suggest that androgenโblocking therapies may represent a rational direction for future targeted treatment strategies.โ โ ๐๐ฟ. ๐ ๐ถ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฎ๐ฒ๐น ๐. ๐ง๐ฎ๐๐น๐ผ๐ฟ, co-corresponding author
This highly collaborative work was led by Texas Childrenโs Cancer & Hematology Center and Baylor College of Medicine alongside researchers from The Hospital for Sick Children- SickKids, University of Toronto Pitt School of Medicine McGill University and many additional international partners (full contributor list in the article). The research was supported by ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stand Up To Cancer ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ Canadian Institutes of Health Research ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ National Cancer Institute The Terry Fox Foundation and others (full list of supporters in the article).