12/11/2025
PERSONALITY DISORDERS: A CLINICAL OVERVIEW (By Clusters)
The word “narcissist” gets thrown around constantly, but Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is only one of ten personality disorders — and it involves far more than being self-centered. Personality disorders reflect enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and relating that begin early in adulthood and create functional impairment.
Here’s a clear, clinical breakdown of all personality disorders, grouped by cluster.
✨ Educational, accurate, and easy to understand.
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CLUSTER A
Patterns involving interpersonal distance, social discomfort, or atypical thinking styles. 🧩
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
🔹 Core: persistent distrust and suspicion
🔹 Looks like: misinterpreting neutral interactions as harmful, questioning loyalty
🔹 Internal: chronic sense of being unsafe or targeted
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
🔹 Core: detachment and restricted emotion
🔹 Looks like: preferring solitude, limited emotional expression
🔹 Internal: emotional distance; relationships may feel draining
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder
🔹 Core: odd beliefs, unusual perceptions, social anxiety
🔹 Looks like: magical thinking, eccentric behavior
🔹 Internal: feeling different; discomfort in social settings that doesn’t improve
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CLUSTER B
Patterns involving challenges with emotion regulation, impulse control, and relational stability. 🔥
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
🔹 Core: disregard for others’ rights and social norms
🔹 Looks like: chronic deceit, impulsivity, lack of remorse
🔹 Internal: limited empathy; low regard for rules
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Borderline Personality Disorder
🔹 Core: emotion instability, relationship instability
🔹 Looks like: intense reactions, impulsive coping, fear of abandonment
🔹 Internal: overwhelming emotions; fragile sense of self
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
🔹 Core: heightened emotional expression and need for engagement
🔹 Looks like: dramatic communication, seeking reassurance
🔹 Internal: strong need to feel seen and valued
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
🔹 Core: challenges with empathy, identity, and self-esteem regulation
🔹 Looks like: sensitivity to criticism, need for admiration
🔹 Internal: fragile self-worth; underlying shame or inadequacy
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CLUSTER C
Patterns involving persistent fearfulness, avoidance, or dependency. 🌿
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Avoidant Personality Disorder
🔹 Core: fear of rejection and social inhibition
🔹 Looks like: avoiding opportunities, wanting closeness but withdrawing
🔹 Internal: self-doubt; expectation of being criticized or rejected
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Dependent Personality Disorder
🔹 Core: need for reassurance and support from others
🔹 Looks like: difficulty making decisions alone, staying in unhealthy relationships
🔹 Internal: fear of being unable to cope independently
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Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
🔹 Core: rigid perfectionism and excessive control
🔹 Looks like: strict rules, difficulty delegating, inflexibility
🔹 Internal: mistakes feel threatening; control = safety
Note: OCPD is different from OCD.
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WHY THIS MATTERS
✔️ Most people casually labeled “narcissists” do not meet criteria for NPD
✔️ Not all difficult behaviors reflect a personality disorder
✔️ Trauma and anxiety can mimic many of these traits
✔️ Diagnosis should always be made by a licensed mental health professional
💛 Education reduces stigma, increases understanding, and supports appropriate care.
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The Gray Area Counseling
Angelica Gray, LCSW
Licensed Certified Social Worker | EMDR Therapist
📍 Jonesboro, Arkansas
📞 870-819-4538
🌐 www.TheGrayAreaCounseling.com