02/20/2026
Your cholesterol can be “normal”… and you can still have plaque.
Let’s talk about Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) scoring and what it actually tells us.
A CAC score is a quick, non-contrast CT scan that measures calcified (hard) plaque in the coronary arteries.
✔️ Hard plaque = older, more stable plaque
✔️ A positive score = established coronary artery disease
✔️ A score of zero = no detectable calcified plaque
But here’s the nuance:
A CAC scan does NOT detect soft plaque.
Soft plaque is earlier-stage, fatty, inflamed plaque and sometimes more unstable. It hasn’t calcified yet, so it won’t show up on a calcium score.
So what does this mean?
A zero score is reassuring, especially in midlife women but it does not equal zero risk.
And a positive score?
That changes the prevention conversation.
Now layer in perimenopause and menopause:
As estrogen declines, we often see:
• Rising LDL and ApoB
• Increasing insulin resistance
• More visceral fat
• Higher inflammatory burden
Plaque biology shifts.
This is why CAC is a risk stratification tool not the be-all, end-all.
We still consider:
• ApoB
• Lp(a)
• hs-CRP
• Fasting insulin
• Family history
• Hormone status
Prevention is layered.
If you’re 45+ and wondering about your real heart risk it may be time to look beyond the standard lipid panel.
Prevention is powerful.