11/21/2025
Chinese Medicine was basis of malaria treatment rediscovered by Tu YoYou (Nobel winner).
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Tu Youyou – the woman who turned old herbal recipes into a drug that saved millions
In the 1960s, malaria was winning.
Soldiers in the jungles of Vietnam were falling by the thousands. Children in Asia, Africa, and South America shivered and burned with fever. The best drugs humanity had were starting to fail as the parasite evolved new defenses. In some regions, half the children in a village could be sick at once.
The Chinese government launched a secret project: find a new cure. Hundreds of scientists joined. Among them was a quiet woman named Tu Youyou, a pharmaceutical chemist trained in both modern medicine and traditional Chinese herbal lore.
She was given an impossible assignment: in the middle of political upheaval, with limited equipment, find something—anything—that could stop malaria.
Tu did something most of her colleagues didn’t: she went backward in time.
She buried herself in ancient medical texts, flipping through brittle pages written during the Zhou, Han, and Qing dynasties. Doctors who’d lived more than a thousand years before her had written about “intermittent fevers” that sounded suspiciously like malaria. Again and again, one plant appeared: qinghao—Artemisia annua, sweet wormwood.
Other teams had tried boiling this plant into a tea. It didn’t work well.
Tu noticed a tiny line in a 4th-century text: “Soak the qinghao in cold water, wring out the juice, drink it all.” No boiling. No high heat.
She had a thought that would change medical history: What if heat was destroying the active ingredient?
In a small, under-equipped lab, she tried a different method—extracting the plant’s essence at low temperature with ether. The results were stunning. In mice infected with malaria, the parasite counts collapsed. In monkeys, the same.
Then came the hardest part.
Tu volunteered to be the first human subject. There were no guarantees. But she drank the extract herself to prove it was safe, then moved on to patients. The fevers broke. Lives were saved. She and her team isolated the active compound, named it qinghaosu—artemisinin—and quietly published the work.
It took decades for the world to fully recognize what she'd done.
Today, artemisinin-based therapies are the frontline treatment for malaria worldwide, credited with saving millions of lives, especially in the Global South.
In 2015, Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine—the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel in science. The world finally caught up to what a woman, hunched over ancient texts and dusty lab benches, had already proven:
Sometimes, to save the future, you have to listen carefully to the past.