12/22/2025
Manual therapy as seen through the lens of FEES (Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing).
This video was recorded on my recent teaching trip in Mumbai and Bengaluru, India, in November 2025. Demonstrations such as these are not intended to prove a therapeutic effect. However, they do show that when we perform manual therapy on the laryngeal region, there are direct effects on relevant internal structures. Modern mechanisms-of-action narratives for manual therapy have transcended the view that change occurs solely as a result of the clinician's expertise and have shifted the onus for change onto the patient. If manual therapy is combined with functional efforts on the patient's part, and the manual therapy input replicates or somehow connects with those issues, these modern perspectives on manual therapy impacts allow us to see how therapeutic benefits can result from such exposure.
For more information on this work, please refer to https://www.waltfritz.com/
Here are a few sources of the updated mechanism of action for manual therapy:
1. Bialosky, J.E., Cleland, J.A., Mintken, P., et al. (2021) The healthcare buffet: preferences in the clinical decision-making process for patients with musculoskeletal pain. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy.
2. Geri, T., Viceconti, A., Minacci, M., Testa, M., & Rossettini, G. (2019). Manual therapy: Exploiting the role of human touch. Musculoskeletal science & practice, 44, 102044.
3. Keter, D. L., Bialosky, J. E., Brochetti, K., Courtney, C. A., Funabashi, M., Karas, S., Learman, K., & Cook, C. E. (2025). The mechanisms of manual therapy: A living review of systematic, narrative, and scoping reviews. PloS one, 20(3), e0319586.
4. Kolb, W.H., Wallace McDevitt, A., Young, J. et al. (2020) The evolution of manual therapy education: what are we waiting for?, Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 28:1, 1-3.
5. Roy, N., Dietrich, M., Blomgren, M., Heller, A., Houtz, D. R., & Lee, J. (2019). Exploring the neural bases of primary muscle tension dysphonia: a case study using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Voice, 33(2), 183-194.
https://youtu.be/n_Wbi1KD45g
This video was recorded on my recent teaching trip in Mumbai and Bengaluru, India, in November 2025. Demonstrations such as these are not intended to prove a...