02/08/2026
A Simple Guide to Medical Imaging Tests (What Each One Is Really Used For)
Medical imaging helps doctors look inside the body without surgery. Each test has a specific purpose, and knowing the difference can help you understand your diagnosis and treatment better.
X-ray
Uses low radiation to detect density differences. Best for bones, fractures, kidney stones, and lung infections like pneumonia.
CT Scan (Computed Tomography)
An advanced form of X-ray that creates detailed cross-section images. Commonly used to examine organs, internal bleeding, tumors, and injuries.
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Uses magnetic fields instead of radiation. Provides the clearest images of soft tissues such as the brain, spinal cord, nerves, ligaments, and discs.
Mammography
A low-dose X-ray designed specifically for breast tissue. Used for breast cancer screening and early detection.
Ultrasound (USG)
Uses sound waves, not radiation. Ideal for viewing soft tissues, pregnancy monitoring, abdominal organs, and fluid-filled areas.
MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography)
A specialized MRI technique that focuses on blood vessels. Helps detect narrowed or blocked arteries and blood flow problems.
PET Scan
Shows metabolic activity rather than structure. Often used in cancer diagnosis, staging, and monitoring treatment response.
Echocardiography (ECHO)
An ultrasound of the heart. Shows heart chambers, valves, pumping strength, and wall movement.
ECG (Electrocardiogram)
Records the heart’s electrical activity. Helps detect rhythm problems, heart attacks, and conduction issues.
EEG (Electroencephalogram)
Measures brain electrical waves. Used for seizures, sleep disorders, and neurological conditions.
EMG (Electromyography)
Evaluates muscle and nerve function. Helps diagnose nerve damage and muscle disorders.
DEXA Scan
Measures bone mineral density. Used to diagnose osteoporosis and assess fracture risk.
Understanding which test does what can reduce fear, confusion, and unnecessary worry. If your doctor orders one of these exams, now you know why.