11/22/2025
More reasons why EBV can trigger, or slow recovery from other diagnosis
A major breakthrough in autoimmune research has revealed a powerful connection between lupus and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a virus carried by more than 95% of adults worldwide. Scientists at Stanford Medicine have finally identified the mechanism that turns a common infection into a trigger for a debilitating autoimmune disease. While EBV usually remains silent after initial infection, in lupus patients it appears to transform specific immune cells into harmful agents that attack the body from within.
Researchers discovered that EBV-infected B cells in people with lupus are far more abundant—about 1 in 400 compared to fewer than 1 in 10,000 in healthy individuals. These infected cells begin functioning as abnormal antigen-presenters, activating self-reactive B cells and killer T cells. This chain reaction causes the widespread inflammation, organ damage, and chronic immune dysfunction that define lupus. For the first time, scientists can trace a direct biological pathway from EBV infection to autoimmune disease.
This finding may reshape how lupus and other immune disorders are treated. EBV has also been strongly linked to multiple sclerosis, suggesting that targeting the virus or its effects could lead to new treatments—or even preventive strategies. Although nearly everyone carries EBV, only a small percentage develop lupus, likely due to genetic predisposition or environmental factors. Understanding why could open the door to therapies that stop the disease before it starts.