03/09/2022
CHRONIC STRESS:
*Can affect your ability to make new memories
*Increases your perception of danger, making you more fearful in general
*Flood your body with glucose/sugar which can lead to insulin resistance and possible diabetes.
*Increase rates of depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, and skin damage
*Causes loss of dopamine receptors affecting pleasure, focus, cognition, motivation, coordination, decision making, mood, and more
*The high cortisol levels increase desire for high-fat and high-sugar food, resistance to leptin leaving you hungry and overeating, fat deposits in the belly area
"Chronic stress is also hard on your brain. Too much cortisol inhibits
neuron growth in the hippocampus, an area responsible for—among other functions—forming new memories. Chronic stress also increases the size of the amygdala, a part of the brain that controls fear and other emotional responses. An enlarged amygdala can heighten your brain’s perception of danger, creating a state of hypervigilance that only increases the frequency of the stress response, resulting in a damaging feedback loop....the stress response swiftly floods your bloodstream with glucose, after pulling it from its cellular storage sites? And how it temporarily halts glucose storage by insulin? If that happens too often, cells just remember the insulin-resistant part, even after the stress has passed. You’re now at risk of developing diabetes, with sugar building up in your bloodstream, a dangerous condition. Many other unhealthy conditions arise from chronically activating the stress response, including kidney impairment, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, skin damage, and a loss of dopamine receptors—and hence higher risk for substance abuse—among other maladies. On top of that, while recovering from a stressful event, cortisol stimulates a preference for high-fat, high-sugar “comfort” foods, such as ice cream, pizza, or macaroni and cheese. Researchers say that macaques experience similar cravings for rich food after a stressful event.In the wild, that makes evolutionary sense, as it takes huge reserves of energy to stand your ground and fight or to run for your life. When things calm down, you need to replenish those depleted stores, ideally with high-calorie food. High cortisol levels also throw off appetite regulation, in humans and monkeys, by triggering a resistance to leptin, a hormone that tells you when you’ve had enough to eat. And on goes the weight.
There’s even more. As you recover from the stressor, circulating
cortisol, which hangs around for a while, preferentially deposits fat cells in the gut area. (Stressed macaques also develop potbellies.) This visceral fat lodges itself around organs such as the liver and kidney." (Bohen 2018)
From the book, Twenty Years of Life*