03/02/2026
Sunday, March 01, 2026
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On This Day in History
Yellowstone National Park Was Established.
image source: Palisadian (1920) via Library of Congress
On March 1, 1872, President Grant signed a bill creating the country’s first national park, Yellowstone. Native Americans had already lived and hunted in the region for hundreds of years. The first Anglo-American to explore the area was John Colter, who had previously traveled with Lewis and Clark. Colter’s account of the region’s steaming geysers caused some doubters to dub the area “Colter’s Hell.” Before the Civil War, only a handful of fur trappers and hunters had visited the region, but in 1869, the Folsom-Cook expedition made the first formal exploration. This was followed by the Washburn-Langford-Doane expedition a year later. Then in 1871, Ferdinand Hayden, a government geologist, explored the region with a large party that included photographer William Jackson and landscape artist Thomas Moran. Their stunning images of Yellowstone caught the attention of Congress. Early in 1872, Congress decided to set aside roughly 2 million acres of public land as the nation’s first national park. President Grant signed the Yellowstone Act of 1872 into law on March 1st. The bill designated the region as a public “pleasuring-ground” and decreed that the land would be preserved “from injury or spoilation, of all timber, mineral deposits, natural curiosities, or wonders within.” The creation of Yellowstone was somewhat surprising, as the government’s focus at the time had been on settling and exploiting the resources of the West. However, it set an important precedent. Not only were more national parks designated in the United States in the following years, but the idea also caught on in other nations.
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