07/02/2020
When it comes to protecting you against viruses, there are two types of adaptive immunity:
- Antibody‐Mediated Immunity: With assistance from helper T cells, your B-cells study the antigen (part of the virus for example) and create antibodies against it. These antibodies remain in your bloodstream to form a memory of the antigen. If the virus infects your body again, the antibodies will respond immediately, thus reducing the time it takes to destroy the pathogen.
- Cell‐Mediated Immunity: In this case, the infected cell captures a small fragment of the virus and sends to its surface. This small fragment of the virus is presented to T-cells, which then mark the infected cell for destruction. A group of cells called macrophages and natural killer cells are then recruited to kill the infected cell along with the virus inside it. Natural killer cells destroy the infected cell while macrophages engulf it to clean the site of infection.
In a recent study, scientists found that COVID-19 patients can also be protected against the disease through T-cell‐mediated immunity. Previously, this was overlooked as the main focus was on whether COVID-19 patients develop antibodies or not. This means some patients have a wide range of defence mechanisms against the virus and this increases their chances of survival. Whether both types of adaptive immunity are required to work side by side to defeat the virus or not, that remains to be explored. Cool study!
- Research paper: https://bit.ly/38fDoo3
- Learn more: https://bit.ly/2VxTELJ
SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells will likely prove critical for long-term immune protection against COVID-19. We systematically mapped the functional and phenotypic landscape of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in a large cohort of unexposed individuals as well as exposed family members and in...