11/02/2025
Retinal vein occlusions present with sudden, painless vision loss or visual field defects associated with characteristic retinal hemorrhages and venous dilatation often associated with cotton wool spots. A Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) typically results from thrombotic obstruction at an arteriovenous crossing, where a sclerotic artery compresses an adjacent vein. Risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The diagnosis is clinical, supported by fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and OCT to assess macular edema and retinal ischemia. Prompt identification is essential to initiate treatment with anti-VEGF therapy if macular edema is present and manage systemic vascular risk.