04/12/2026
Not everyone needs to change their running biomechanics to improve running economy.
This article was an interesting read that looked at the relationship between running biomechanics (Ankle, knee, and hip angles at initial contact, midstance or toe-off and their range of motion, peak vertical ground reaction force, and EMG) and running economy.
What they showed was that vertical oscillation had a higher association with energy cost, lower extremity range of motion was not significantly associated, leg stiffness was associated with lower cost, surface EMG was not significantly associated with energy cost, and foot strike patterns were also not significantly associated with running economy.
So what I took from this was that changing someone’s mechanics into “textbook perfect” is not always necessary. It could actually cause harm, because changing the way someone moves is introducing novel stresses on the body that it is not used to.
However, systematic reviews are just that: a review of a lot of data that we can try to summarize into general ideas. They are great to help guide treatment plans, but the limitations are that they don’t look at each individual data point.
One data point (a person) may benefit from improving ankle dorsiflexion mobility to help with midstance, while person may not need any changes in mechanics.
We also don’t want to take what works for one person and generalizing it to everyone.
The research can help guide treatment, but the most important thing is the person in the treatment room.
Citation:
Van Hooren B, Jukic I, Cox M, Frenken KG, Bautista I, Moore IS. The Relationship Between Running Biomechanics and Running Economy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Sports Med. 2024 May;54(5):1269-1316. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-01997-3. Epub 2024 Mar 6. Erratum in: Sports Med. 2025 Mar;55(3):779-780. doi: 10.1007/s40279-024-02157-3. PMID: 38446400; PMCID: PMC11127892.