12/16/2021
Interesting topic we came across!
Teeth will never disappoint you. They show us the purest truths of ourselves. While it's not always pretty, it's always things that we need to know, understand, and become better attached.
Through teeth we're taken to the oldest reaches of humanity, buried within ancient remains of our most distant ancestors, are their jaws and teeth, the last traceable piece of evidence of our origins.
Today scientists are following this story with jaw dropping techniques.
Balls of brain tissue generated from stem cells are enabling us to understand the underlying differences between people who struggle to be sociable and those who have difficulty reining themselves in.
Eventually, they can develop as many as six layers of cerebral cortex – the outer surface of the brain. This region is much more sophisticated in humans than in other animals, and houses important circuitry governing our most complex thoughts and behaviours, including socialising with others.
Each mini-brain is approximately 5 millimetres across. “Though they’re not as well defined as they are in a real brain, they resemble what you find in an embryonic fetus.”
To understand how brain development affects sociability, the team used donated cells from children with autism and Rett syndrome, both of which are associated with impaired communication skills.
They also used cells from children with Williams syndrome, a condition characterised by a hyper-sociable nature. People with Williams syndrome can be unable to restrain themselves from talking to complete strangers.
Mini-brains grown using stem cells from children with autism form fewer neural connections, while those from Williams syndrome children have an abnormally high number.
Researchers report: The differences are striking, and go in opposite directions. In Williams syndrome, one of the cortical layers makes large projections linking into many other layers, and these are important for sociality,”
By comparison, autism-linked brains are more immature, with fewer synapses.
Read More:
Tiny balls of brain tissue made from donated stem cells from children with autism or a condition that makes them hyper-sociable show intriguing differences