08/17/2025
Trauma can impact the brain's structure and function in many ways, including:
Emotional regulation
Trauma can affect the brain's ability to regulate emotions, which can lead to mood issues and mental health problems in childhood and adulthood.
Memory and emotions
The hippocampus is a part of the brain that controls memory and emotions, and people with PTSD may have a smaller hippocampus. This change may be linked to memory problems, flashbacks, fear, and anxiety.
Prefrontal cortex
During a traumatic event, the prefrontal cortex may not function as well due to the body's "Fear Circuitry" kicking in. This can make it difficult to think through the situation and make decisions, such as calling for help. Adults with PTSD may also have a smaller prefrontal cortex, which can make them feel overwhelmed by stress and anxiety even when there's no real danger.
Learning and behavior
Trauma can impact brain development, which can affect a person's ability to learn, recognize emotions, and regulate their attention and behavior. This can lead to impulsive or aggressive behaviors, or withdrawal and inattentiveness.
Relationships
Early relationships with others, such as abuse or neglect, can have a long-term impact on children's brains. A brain that's adapted to survive in a threatening or unpredictable world may not function well in an ordinary environment, which can create "latent vulnerability". This can make children more likely to experience mental health problems in the future, and may make common experiences, like moving to a new school, feel more stressful and daunting.
Infographic via .mcgarry ❤️
