02/04/2022
The leaves have fallen off most of the deciduous trees, meaning it’s a great time to learn how to identify our local conifers! Across the Piedmont of the Carolinas and Georgia, the most common pine trees you’ll find are the Loblolly, Shortleaf, and Virginia Pine. They can almost always be distinguished by the length, shape, and bundling of their needles. I also included two other pines you’ll occasionally find in some parts of the Piedmont - the Longleaf Pine and Eastern White Pine. All five of these trees are native to the South. Tap/click on the picture to see the entire image.
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) has thin, flexible needles that are 3-5 inches long. They’re the only pine you’ll find here with 5 needles per bundle (fascicle). One way to remember this is that ‘white’ has 5 letters. The needles also have a bluish-green color relative to our other pines. Eastern White Pines are more common in the Blue Ridge, but you can occasionally find them in woodlands of the upper Piedmont.
Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) has dark green needles that come in bundles of 3. They are stiff and 6-9 inches long. This pine is abundant in the Piedmont and is often planted in pine plantations.
The name Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris) speaks for itself. It’s much more common in the Coastal Plain, but you can occasionally find some, perhaps planted, here in the Piedmont. Its needles also come in groups of 3, but they are 10-18 inches long! Historically, this was the dominant pine tree of the Coastal Plain. Longleaf Pine requires wildfires to germinate and not be outcompeted by other trees.
Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata) has needles in groups of 2 and occasionally 3. Needles are 2.5 - 5 inches long and straight. This tree grows across the Piedmont in dry, rocky woodlands and open fields.
Virginia Pine (Pinus virginiana) has 2 needles per bundle, with each needle being 1.5 - 3 inches long. Its distinguishing feature is that the needles twist. Virginia Pine has a scrubby appearance from the retention of its dead lower branches.