03/17/2026
Passive stretching may have a meaningful edge over active stretching for flexibility gains.
When you stretch passively, an external force does the work - a strap, a wall, a partner, or even gravity. Your target muscle stays relaxed while something else holds the position. Active stretching, by contrast, uses your own muscular effort to create and hold the stretch.
A 2023 systematic review of 41 studies found that passive stretching produced what researchers described as a "large effect" on range of motion - nearly a full standard deviation improvement in joint flexibility. Active stretching showed more moderate gains.
The reason may be fairly straightforward. When an external force holds the stretch, you can often reach a deeper position than your own muscle strength would allow. You're not limited by fatigue or discomfort in the surrounding muscles.
That said, both approaches do improve flexibility, and active stretching has its own advantages - it engages the muscles while lengthening them, and doesn't require any assistance or equipment.
For those whose primary goal is improving range of motion, the research suggests passive methods may be worth prioritizing.