12/01/2025
Weekly Coding Tip: Understanding MDM – Complexity of Problems
Accurately identifying the complexity of patient problems is essential for selecting the correct MDM level, which directly impacts E/M coding accuracy and reimbursement.
Misclassifying diagnoses - especially chronic conditions such as acne or hay fever - as “self-limited” can unintentionally lower the service level.
This week’s tip focuses on recognizing the different MDM problem complexity categories and correctly classifying conditions based on documentation.
Why It Matters?
1. Determines MDM level
2. Drives E/M code selection
3. Prevents downcoding and revenue loss
4. Supports accurate clinical representation of patient risk
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Problem Complexity Quick Reference
Self-Limited or Minor Problems
Short-term issues likely to resolve without intervention.
Examples: uncomplicated mosquito bite, diaper rash, viral cold, tinea corporis, minor abrasions.
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Stable Chronic Illness
Long-term conditions that are controlled and stable.
Examples: controlled asthma, controlled Type II DM, controlled HTN, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, acne, osteoarthritis, hay fever.
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Acute, Uncomplicated Illness or Injury
New, short-term condition with low morbidity risk and expected full recovery.
Examples: viral URI, acute pharyngitis (antibiotics), acute sinusitis, AOM, sprains, first-degree burns, conjunctivitis, uncomplicated cystitis.
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Acute, Uncomplicated—Requiring Hospital or Observation Care
Short-term problem requiring treatment in an inpatient or observation setting.
Examples: uncomplicated appendicitis, kidney stones, severe gastroenteritis requiring fluids, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, allergic reaction.
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Stable, Acute Illness
Acute condition with treatment initiated and symptoms improving or stable.
Examples: pharyngitis, sinusitis, AOM, conjunctivitis, or cystitis—still symptomatic but treated.
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Chronic Illness With Exacerbation/Progression
Chronic condition that is worsening, uncontrolled, or showing progression.
Examples: COPD exacerbation, CHF exacerbation, uncontrolled diabetes, CKD progression, arthritis flare, Alzheimer’s with delirium.
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Undiagnosed New Problem With Uncertain Prognosis
New condition with unclear cause and requiring further evaluation; potential morbidity risk.
Examples: unexplained fatigue with weight loss, abdominal pain without source, new severe headaches, unexplained fever, atypical skin lesion.
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Acute Illness With Systemic Symptoms
Condition causing systemic effects and higher morbidity risk without treatment.
Examples: pyelonephritis, bacterial pneumonia, colitis, influenza, COVID-19, meningitis, acute hepatitis, sepsis.
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002294.htm #:~:text=For%20example%2C%20systemic%20disorders%2C%20such,is%20called%20a%20localized%20infection.
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Acute, Complicated Injury
Injury requiring evaluation of additional body systems, extensive treatment, or involving multiple risks.
Examples: chest trauma, open fracture, third-degree burns, head injury with LOC, severe lacerations, crush injuries.
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Chronic Illness With Severe Exacerbation
Severe worsening or progression requiring escalated care.
Examples: severe COPD exacerbation, severe CHF flare, advanced CKD decline, cancer progression.
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Threat to Life or Bodily Function
Acute or chronic condition posing immediate risk without intervention.
Examples: MI, stroke, PE, severe sepsis, anaphylaxis, ARDS, severe burns, subarachnoid hemorrhage, metastatic cancer.
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