11/18/2025
Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an allergic reaction to the carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (“alpha-gal”), found in mammalian meat and products derived from mammals.
Tick bites—especially the lone star tick in the U.S.—are the primary trigger, causing the immune system to produce IgE antibodies to alpha-gal.
Reactions are often delayed, typically occurring 3–6 hours after eating red meat (beef, pork, lamb) or sometimes dairy or gelatin-containing products.
Symptoms range from hives, swelling, and gastrointestinal upset to anaphylaxis; management includes strict avoidance of mammalian products and carrying epinephrine if indicated.