08/12/2025
Term of the Day: Radiculopathy
Synonyms: nerve root compression, nerve root irritation, pinched nerve, sciatica (when affecting the leg), cervical radiculopathy (neck and arm pain), lumbar radiculopathy (back and leg pain).
What it means (in plain English):
Radiculopathy occurs when a spinal nerve root β the part of the nerve that exits the spine β becomes compressed or irritated. This may be caused by a disc herniation, degenerative changes, or narrowing of the spinal canal (stenosis). Unlike mechanical back pain, which stays in one place, radiculopathy causes radiating pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness that travels along the path of the affected nerve. In the lower back, this often means pain down the leg (sciatica). In the neck, it may cause pain or weakness in the shoulder, arm, or hand.
Natural history:
Most cases improve naturally over time. When a disc presses on a nerve, inflammation often settles in weeks to months as the body reabsorbs the disc material. A smaller number of cases persist longer, but permanent nerve damage is rare. Early rehabilitation helps prevent chronic nerve sensitivity and long-term dysfunction.
Concepts of treatment:
Treatment aims to reduce nerve inflammation, relieve pressure, and restore normal movement. Staying active within tolerance prevents stiffness. Medication such as anti-inflammatories or short courses of nerve-calming drugs may reduce symptoms. Physiotherapy with targeted exercises and nerve glides helps mobilise the irritated nerve. Epidural steroid injections can help when pain is severe or persistent. Surgery is reserved for progressive weakness, bladder or bowel symptoms, or pain that does not improve with comprehensive care.
Radiculopathy is best understood as temporary miscommunication between the spine and the limb it serves β not a sign of permanent damage. With time, movement, and proper treatment, most nerves recover well.
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