06/03/2026
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS): More Than Just “Boils”
Hidradenitis Suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes painful lumps under the skin, usually in areas where skin rubs together.
What causes HS?
The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but it occurs when hair follicles become blocked and inflamed, leading to recurrent painful nodules and abscesses. It is not caused by poor hygiene and is not contagious.
Risk factors
• Family history of HS
• Being female
• Smoking
• Overweight or obesity
• Hormonal influences
• Associated conditions such as Polycystic O***y Syndrome, Metabolic Syndrome, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Common symptoms
• Painful lumps under the skin
• Recurrent “boils” or abscesses
• Drainage of pus or fluid
• Sinus tracts (tunnel-like scars under the skin)
• Scarring over time
These typically occur in the armpits, groin, buttocks, under the breasts, and inner thighs.
Common triggers
• Friction and tight clothing
• Sweating and heat
• Smoking
• Hormonal changes
• Stress
How is HS diagnosed?
Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on the appearance, location, and recurrence of lesions. Sometimes tests are done to rule out infection or other skin conditions.
Management options
While HS is chronic, early treatment can significantly improve symptoms.
Treatment may include:
• Topical or oral antibiotics
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Hormonal therapy in selected patients
• Biologic therapy for severe disease
• Pain management
• Surgical drainage or removal of chronic lesions
Lifestyle measures that help:
• Smoking cessation
• Weight management
• Gentle skin care and loose clothing
If you experience recurrent painful “boils” in the same areas, consult your doctor early. Early diagnosis can help prevent scarring and improve quality of life.