Karen Alexander Physiotherapist INC

Karen Alexander Physiotherapist INC Physiotherapy services offered at Netcare Sunninghill Hospital

🩺World COPD Day 2025🫁World COPD Day is coordinated by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD),...
19/11/2025

🩺World COPD Day 2025🫁

World COPD Day is coordinated by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), alongside healthcare professionals and COPD patient organizations from around the globe. The primary goal of this initiative is to raise awareness, share knowledge, and explore strategies to alleviate the impact of COPD worldwide.

The theme for World COPD Day 2025 is “Short of Breath, Think COPD.” This important event is observed on November 19th. The focus of this year’s theme is to highlight the fact that, although COPD is the third leading cause of death globally, it is frequently misdiagnosed.

Understanding COPD

COPD is a widespread, preventable, and treatable condition.
Unfortunately, significant under-diagnosis and misdiagnosis often lead to patients receiving either no treatment or incorrect treatment.

Importance of Early Diagnosis

Early and accurate diagnosis of COPD can greatly enhance public health outcomes.
Timely diagnosis and treatment lead to improved clinical results, such as:
Better symptom management
Enhanced lung function
Higher quality of life

A diagnosis of COPD should be considered for any patient experiencing:
Shortness of breath
Chronic cough or sputum production
A history of recurrent lower respiratory infections
Exposure to risk factors, including to***co, cooking fuels, or occupational hazards.

Can physiotherapy help?

Physiotherapy helps manage COPD through a combination of exercise, breathing techniques, and airway clearance methods, which improves lung function, reduces breathlessness, and enhances quality of life. Physiotherapists can create personalized exercise programs for both strength and endurance, teach patients effective breathing strategies like pursed-lip breathing, and use techniques such as manual percussion or positive expiratory pressure to clear mucus.

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👶🏾World Prematurity Day🤱🏼 is observed annually on November 17 to highlight the difficulties encountered by preterm infan...
17/11/2025

👶🏾World Prematurity Day🤱🏼 is observed annually on November 17 to highlight the difficulties encountered by preterm infants and their families, while also showing solidarity and compassion for them. This day celebrates the resilience and strength of families caring for preterm babies, offering hope, love, empathy, and support. Babies born prematurely face numerous challenges as they grow and require special assistance to thrive safely. The goal of World Prematurity Day is to raise awareness and provide support to these little miracles, surrounding them with a world of love.

World Prematurity Day raises awareness about the impact of premature birth on babies and families, promoting discussions on improving healthcare for preterm infants. Recognizing this day in 2025 aims to support ongoing research for better management and care of premature births, making treatments accessible to address related complications. The theme, “Give preterm babies a strong start for a brighter future,” emphasizes the importance of high-quality initial care to help these infants thrive and reach their full potential.

How physiotherapy helps premature babies:

Encourages motor development: Therapists use play-based activities to help babies work toward developmental milestones like reaching, rolling, and sitting.
Improves muscle strength and tone: Exercises and gentle stretches help strengthen muscles and improve movement control, while also preventing joint stiffness.
Supports respiratory function: Chest physiotherapy can help clear mucus from the lungs, making breathing easier and improving lung function.
Promotes healthy posture: Techniques are used to ensure proper body alignment and prevent problems like head flattening, which can happen from too much time spent in one position.
Aids sensory and brain development: Therapists use sensory techniques to help a baby process different sensory inputs, which supports brain development.


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World Diabetes Day raises awareness about diabetes as a major global health issue and promotes actions for better preven...
14/11/2025

World Diabetes Day raises awareness about diabetes as a major global health issue and promotes actions for better prevention, diagnosis, and management.

Diabetes occurs when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin or when the body cannot utilize the insulin it generates effectively. This results in elevated glucose levels in the blood, a condition known as hyperglycaemia.

Type 1 diabetes, previously referred to as insulin-dependent or childhood-onset diabetes, is defined by an absence of insulin production.

Type 2 diabetes, once known as non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset diabetes, arises from the body's inefficient use of insulin. This form is often linked to excess body weight and a lack of physical activity.

Gestational diabetes refers to hyperglycaemia that is first identified during pregnancy.

Complications:
Microvascular complications include: nervous system damage (neuropathy), renal system damage (nephropathy), eye damage (retinopathy)
Macrovascular complications include: cardiovascular disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, which may lead to: bruises or injuries that do not heal, gangrene and ultimately, amputation. The prevalence of microvascular complications is much higher than that of macrovascular complications.

Management
For both Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), the foundation of treatment lies in diet and exercise.
A diet that is low in saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and fructose corn syrup, while being high in fibre and monounsaturated fats, should be promoted.
Engaging in aerobic exercise for 90 to 150 minutes each week is beneficial.
In T2DM patients who are obese, weight loss is a primary goal.
An ideal approach combines weight management, nutritional and dietary counselling, along with physical therapy and exercise prescription.

How Physiotherapy Can HelpEarly MobilizationBalance TrainingSitting and Standing TrainingGait and MobilityMirror Therapy...
03/11/2025

How Physiotherapy Can Help

Early Mobilization
Balance Training
Sitting and Standing Training
Gait and Mobility
Mirror Therapy
Electrical Stimulation
Orthotics
Management of Spasticity and Contractures
Endurance Training
Family Education and Training


Understanding the Effects of a StrokeThe effects of a stroke can vary widely and may include, but are not limited to:Par...
02/11/2025

Understanding the Effects of a Stroke

The effects of a stroke can vary widely and may include, but are not limited to:

Paralysis or weakness affecting the face, arm, and leg on one side of the body
Speech difficulties or an inability to communicate clearly
Challenges with swallowing or eating
Loss of bladder or bowel control
Impairment or loss of sensation
Partial loss of vision on one side
Memory issues or limited concentration, with potential partial or complete loss
Emotional changes, including mood fluctuations, depression, and frustration
Severe headaches
Fatigue or chronic fatigue
Neural discomfort or chronic neuropathic pain
Neurological differences, often referred to as neurodiversity, such as dyspraxia, apraxia, and aphasia.


01/11/2025

Movember: More Than a Moustache

Did you know?
- In South Africa, 1 in 16 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer.
- Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men over 40, both locally and globally.
- Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men under 40.
- South Africa has the 10th highest su***de rate in the world, and 79% of those affected are men.

Men often feel pressure to “stay strong” but silence can be dangerous. It’s time to talk, check, and take action.

This Movember, the Pelvic & Women’s Health Physiotherapy Group (PWHPG) encourages all men to:
- Do regular self “nuts & bolts” checks.
- Get annual PSA blood tests after age 40 (earlier if you have a family history).
- Reach out for support, physiotherapy can help with incontinence, pelvic pain, recovery after cancer, and returning to exercise safely.

Let’s start conversations that save lives.
Because men’s health is more than physical, it’s mental, emotional, and vital.

Adjustable / Manageable Risk Factors:Engage in daily physical activity by moving more and sitting less for at least 30 m...
01/11/2025

Adjustable / Manageable Risk Factors:

Engage in daily physical activity by moving more and sitting less for at least 30 minutes, five days a week.
Achieve and maintain a healthy weight to prevent being overweight or obese.
Adhere to a nutritious, balanced diet.
Avoid smoking or using to***co products, and stay away from second-hand smoke.
Manage non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension (high blood pressure).
Limit the excessive consumption of alcohol.
Develop effective techniques for managing stress.
Non-modifiable / Uncontrollable Risk Factors:

Age: The risk of strokes increases with age.
S*x: Women have some protection against strokes before menopause, but their risk escalates afterward.
Genetics: Certain rare inherited heart conditions, along with genetic predispositions to high cholesterol, high blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms, or clotting disorders, can heighten the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Family History: If your father or brother experienced heart disease or a stroke before the age of 55, or your mother or sister before 65, your risk may also be increased.
Poverty: Living in poverty can contribute to heightened stress, anxiety, and depression, while also limiting access to healthy lifestyle choices and quality medical care. Thus, poverty is a significant risk factor for heart disease and stroke.


Recognizing the Signs of a StrokeKeep in mind the acronym BE FAST:B: Balance and coordination challengesE: Eyes, experie...
31/10/2025

Recognizing the Signs of a Stroke

Keep in mind the acronym BE FAST:

B: Balance and coordination challenges
E: Eyes, experiencing blurred vision
F: Face, showing signs of drooping
A: Arm weakness
S: Speech difficulties
T: Time to call for help


Three Types of StrokesIschemic StrokesIschemic strokes occur when blood vessels supplying the brain become blocked, lead...
30/10/2025

Three Types of Strokes

Ischemic Strokes
Ischemic strokes occur when blood vessels supplying the brain become blocked, leading to the formation of blood clots. The primary cause is cerebral thrombosis, often resulting from fatty deposits known as atherosclerosis. Additionally, clots can originate from other areas of the body and travel to the brain, a condition called cerebral embolism, which is frequently associated with irregular heartbeats, such as atrial fibrillation.

Haemorrhagic Strokes
Haemorrhagic strokes take place when a weakened blood vessel bursts, causing bleeding within the brain and increasing pressure on surrounding tissue. The causes include:
Aneurysm: A bulging of a weakened blood vessel that may rupture if not treated.
Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM): An abnormal tangle of blood vessels that can also burst, leading to bleeding.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), often called a mini-stroke, occurs when there is a temporary interruption in blood flow to the brain. This results in symptoms similar to those of a stroke, but they typically resolve within 24 hours. It is crucial to contact emergency services during a TIA, as it can be difficult to distinguish from a stroke in the early stages. Individuals experiencing a TIA have a heightened risk of subsequent TIAs or a full stroke, and they should seek medical advice to investigate underlying causes and treatment options. The risk factors for TIAs align closely with those associated with strokes, and experiencing a TIA may also increase the long-term risk of developing dementia.


World Stroke Day is observed each year on October 29. Following this, National Stroke Week is recognized annually from O...
29/10/2025

World Stroke Day is observed each year on October 29. Following this, National Stroke Week is recognized annually from October 29 to November 3, aiming to raise awareness about stroke prevention, identifying signs and symptoms, and highlighting the critical importance of prompt treatment and rehabilitation for a successful recovery.

This year, World Stroke Day will amplify the Every Minute Counts campaign by delivering public messaging aimed at helping individuals worldwide identify stroke symptoms and understand the critical importance of . Additionally, it presents an opportunity to rally a wider audience to advocate for government action on the policy recommendations highlighted in .

For more info visit https://www.world-stroke.org/


20/10/2025

Early mobilisation saves lives — reducing time on ventilators, improving muscle strength and restoring confidence after critical illness.

Physiotherapists are leading the charge, turning research into action and helping embed movement into daily ICU practice.

Discover how mobility champions are transforming patient care in “Champions of Change: Physiotherapists Leading Early Mobilisation in ICU.”

Read it in the latest issue: https://www.saphysio.co.za/

👶🏼World Paediatric Bone and Joint Day👧🏾 is observed on October 19th to raise awareness of pediatric musculoskeletal cond...
19/10/2025

👶🏼World Paediatric Bone and Joint Day👧🏾 is observed on October 19th to raise awareness of pediatric musculoskeletal conditions, promote early detection and treatment, and emphasize the importance of bone and joint health in children. The aim is to inform the public, healthcare professionals, and policymakers about the impact of these issues on children's health and quality of life.

The most common fracture in children is the distal radius fracture, often from falls onto an outstretched hand. Children’s developing bones make them more prone to injuries, including growth plate injuries, which affect the weaker cartilaginous growth plates at the ends of long bones.

Scoliosis, particularly adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), is a sideways spinal curvature that typically develops during growth spurts before puberty, between ages 10 and 18.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) affects hip joint growth and alignment in infants and young children, leading to instability or dislocation.

Overuse injuries, or overuse syndrome, occur from repetitive stress without sufficient rest. World Paediatric Bone & Joint Day emphasizes the importance of early intervention and research in pediatric orthopaedics.

Physiotherapy helps with paediatric bone and joint problems by using a mix of exercises, hands-on treatment, and playful activities to improve strength, flexibility, posture, and coordination. It focuses on correcting movement patterns, strengthening muscles around joints, and managing pain, which can aid in rehabilitation after injuries like fractures or help with conditions like hypermobility.

&J &JDay

Address

Netcare Sunninghill Hospital
Johannesburg
2191

Opening Hours

Monday 08:00 - 16:30
Tuesday 08:00 - 16:30
Wednesday 08:00 - 16:30
Thursday 08:00 - 16:30
Friday 08:00 - 16:30

Telephone

+27118032227

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