14/11/2025
Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) that develops during pregnancy and typically disappears after the baby is born. It occurs when hormones from the placenta prevent the body from using insulin effectively, causing glucose to build up in the blood. Symptoms can include increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue, but it is often diagnosed through blood tests, usually between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. While it can lead to complications for both mother and baby if untreated, it can usually be managed with diet, exercise, and medication if necessary.
Causes
Hormonal changes during pregnancy.
Placental hormones block the body's insulin, so glucose builds up in the blood instead of being used for energy.
This extra blood glucose passes through the placenta to the baby.
Risks and complications
For the baby: Extra energy can be stored as fat, leading to a larger baby (macrosomia). This can result in low blood sugar at birth and breathing problems.
For the mother: Untreated gestational diabetes can increase the risk of high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and a higher chance of having a cesarean delivery.
Long-term: Women who have had gestational diabetes have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Symptoms
Increased thirst
Frequent urination, especially at night
Fatigue
Ge***al itching
Blurred vision
Note: Many people have no symptoms and are diagnosed through routine blood tests.
Diagnosis and management
Diagnosis: A healthcare provider will order a blood test, often a glucose challenge test, between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy to check for the condition.
Management:
Diet: Eating healthy foods can help control blood sugar.
Exercise: Staying active is an important part of managing the condition.
Medication: If lifestyle changes are not enough, a doctor may prescribe medication to control blood sugar levels.
After pregnancy: Most women's blood sugar levels return to normal after giving birth, but it is important to be tested for diabetes regularly after delivery.