22/04/2026
Dry eye disease is a multifactorial condition where the tear film loses its normal balance and stability, leading to hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and damage to the ocular surface. Let’s break it down accurately using the science from the TFOS DEWS II reports.
What you’re seeing in the image:
The tear film normally has three essential layers: a thin outer lipid (oil) layer produced by the meibomian glands (note: not mucin — that’s produced by goblet cells in the conjunctiva), a middle aqueous (watery) layer from the lacrimal glands, and an inner mucin layer that helps tears spread evenly and stick to the cornea.
In dry eye, the meibomian glands often fail to produce enough quality lipids, causing tears to evaporate too quickly. At the same time, tear glands may produce fewer tears overall (aqueous deficiency) or goblet cells may be reduced, leading to poor mucin and unstable tear film.
Result? Dry spots appear on the cornea, triggering redness, grittiness, burning, or even reflex watering as your eyes try to compensate.
This vicious cycle can be triggered by screen time, age, hormones, medications, or environment. The good news? At Dry Eye Clinic we use advanced diagnostics to identify exactly which layers are affected and create a personalised treatment plan — from in-clinic therapies to at-home strategies — that restores comfort and protects your vision long-term.
Knowledge is the first step to relief. If this sounds familiar, book an assessment — you don’t have to live with it. 💧