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Nurses Zone Documentary, Ndola (2026)

10/03/2026

CHOLECYSTITIS

By Chipo James Mainda

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. Your gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, beneath your liver. The gallbladder holds a digestive fluid (bile) that's released into your small intestine.

In most cases, gallstones blocking the tube leading out of your gallbladder cause cholecystitis. This results in a bile build up that can cause inflammation. Other causes of cholecystitis include bile duct problems, tumors, serious illness and certain infections.

If left untreated, cholecystitis can lead to serious, sometimes life-threatening complications, such as a gallbladder rupture. Treatment for cholecystitis often involves gallbladder removal.

Signs and symptoms of cholecystitis may include:
* Severe pain in your upper right or center abdomen.
* Pain that spreads to your right shoulder or back.
* Tenderness over your abdomen when it's touched.
* Nausea.
* Vomiting.
* Fever.
Cholecystitis signs and symptoms often occur after a meal, particularly a large or fatty one.

For more join our daily online lessons on Whatsapp 0977353901.

09/03/2026

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09/03/2026

GENERAL NURSING CARE PLAN

By Chipo James Mainda.

IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM AFFECTED.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

The central nervous system (CNS) controls most functions of the body and mind. It consists of two parts: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is the center of our thoughts, the interpreter of our external environment, and the origin of control over body movement.

Apply these identified problems to those conditions affecting the level of consciousness and those of the nervous system such as Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA/Stroke), Poliomyelitis, Hydrocephalus, Head injury, Brain Injuries, Spinal cord injuries, Meningitis, Encephalitis etc.

1. Altered level of consciousness
2. Ineffective airway clearance
3. Impaired thermoregulation
4. Impaired verbal communication
5. Self care deficit
6. Risk of injury
Others:
7. Risk for nutrition imbalance
8. Risk for impaired skin integrity
9. Risk for infection
10. Knowledge deficit

08/03/2026

Programme you wanted Vs what you're studying or studied

08/03/2026

UTERINE FIBROIDS

By Chipo James Mainda

Fibroids, also known as Leiomyomas or Myomas, are the most common tumors of the female ge***al tract. Uterine fibroids are tumors or lumps made up of muscle cells and other tissues that grow within the walls of the uterus.

Fibroids, are benign tumors or noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years characterized by irregular vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. Fibroids are firm pale pink benign tumors of the uterine smooth muscle resembling fibromas hence the name fibroids. Their growth is estrogen dependent and that may explain the following epidemiological characteristics:
* They affect 10% of premenopausal women and only occur in post menopausal women when there is more than physiological levels of estrogens.
* They are enhanced during pregnancy and may slightly regress after delivery.

The cause of leiomyomas is unknown. The growth of leiomyomas seem to be related to estrogen stimulated because the fibroids often enlarge with pregnancy and decrease in size with menopause. Risk factors include:
* Hormones: estrogen and progesterone cause the uterine lining to regenerate during each menstrual cycle and may stimulate the growth of fibroids, hence mainly affecting women in the reproductive age.
* Heredity or family history: fibroids may run in the family. If your mother, sister, or grandmother has a history of this condition, you may be at increased risk of developing them.
* Race: black women are 2-3 times likely to have fibroids than women of other racial groups. In addition, black women have fibroids at younger ages, and they're also likely to have more or larger fibroids.
* Pregnancy: pregnancy increases the production of estrogen and progesterone in your body. Fibroids may develop and grow rapidly while you are pregnant.
* Over weight or obese women: being overweight increases the level of estrogen in the body due to conversion of circulating androgens to estrogen by aromatase enzyme.
* Age: more common as the woman grows old. 30s and 40s. After menopause fibroids usually shrink.

Fibroids develop from immature smooth muscle cells of the uterus. Although they may include connective tissues, they do not originate from connective tissues. They are classified according to their anatomical location as follows:
* Submucosal fibroids.
* Intramural fibroids.
* Subserosal fibroids.

For more join our daily online lessons on Whatsapp 0977353901.

07/03/2026

GENERAL NURSING CARE PLAN

By Chipo James Mainda

IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM AFFECTED

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels surrounding the alveoli. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide.

You can apply these identified problems to any condition that affect the respiratory system for example: Pulmonary tuberculosis, Asthma, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Covid-19, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), tracheostomy post-op, etc

1. Impaired gaseous exchange
2. Impaired breathing pattern
3. Impaired verbal communication
4. Ineffective airway clearance
5. Chest pain

OTHERS;

6. Altered nutrition less than body requirements
7. Activity intolerance
8. Self care deficit
9. Risk for infection
10. Anxiety

06/03/2026

Have you ever seen the Admin in person? Where, when and what was your impression?

06/03/2026

PERSONALITY DISORDERS

By Chipo James Mainda

CLUSTER C

A personality disorder is a type of mental disorder in which you have a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning and behaving. A person with a personality disorder has trouble perceiving and relating to situations and people.

This is a severe disturbance in the charactological constitution and behavioral tendacies of the individual, usually involving several areas of personality, and nearly always associated with considerable personal and social disruption.

Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by anxious, fearful thinking or behavior.They include;
* Avoidant personality disorder
* Dependent personality disorder
* Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

✓ Avoidant personality disorder

Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feeling of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. These people they fear disappointments and criticism and also avoid personal risks for fear of being embarrassed or humiliated.

They perceive themselves as inferior or low class people and avoid social interaction. They are unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked.

✓ Dependent personality disorder

Dependent personality disorder is characterized by excess need to be taken care of that lead to submissive and clinging behaviors and fear of separation. These people often experience difficulty in making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance.

They psychologically depend on others. They urgently seek another relationship as a source of care and support when a relationship ends. They feel uncomfortable or helpless when alone. They have low self esteem such that they refer themselves as stupid. They have difficulty expressing disagreement with others because they fear loss of relationship.

✓ Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupied with orderliness and perfectionism. They are preoccupied with detail, rules, list, order, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost.

They are reluctant to delegate work to others because they feel the very person will not do a good job unless them. They have that over perfectionism and orderliness that often interferes with task completion. The person is unable to discard worn or worthless objects even those without sentimental value.

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05/03/2026

PSYCHOSIS AND NEUROSIS

By Chipo James Mainda

✓ Neurosis

Neurosis is a term used to describe some mental health conditions. In simple terms we can say it is a light mental disorder and does not occur due to any organic diseases. Typically involves fear/phobia, hysterias, anxiety etc.

In this the contact with reality is partial. Neurosis is not a term used in clinical diagnosis, and some people view neurosis as a personality trait that we all have to some degree.

✓ Psychosis

Psychosis is a personality disorder that occurs due to mental and emotional disturbance. The cases of psychosis are more critical than neurosis. In this, contact with reality is totally lost or changed evidenced by hallucinations, delusions and difficulty telling what’s real and what’s not. This can lead to distressed emotional states and disorganized speech.

✓ Similarities of neurosis and psychosis

1. Neurosis and psychosis have some likenesses, which leads some people to use these terms interchangeably. However, as you’ve seen they have very different definitions.

2. Both involve mental health conditions that can cause anxiety, depression, panic attacks, and agitation. Often people with these conditions find it difficult to control their train of thought, and they may have difficulties related to generalized anxiety, executive function, and decision-making.

3. In both neurosis and psychosis, symptoms can likely affect personal and professional relationships.

✓ Differences between neurosis and psychosis

The main difference between psychosis and neurosis lies in perspective.

1. A person experiencing episodes of neurosis might experience periods of unhappiness or feel overwhelmed by work, family, and life in general.

They might also worry or have obsessive thoughts. However, they can usually recognize anxious thoughts and understand the impact these thoughts have on their life and relationships.

2. A person experiencing episodes of psychosis, on the other hand, may be unable to find that perspective. They can experience hallucinations and/or delusions, which include hearing voices or seeing things that others don’t.

Occasionally they may also believe they have special powers, become suspicious of family and friends, or believe someone means them harm.

3. Another difference is that experiencing psychosis more frequently requires medication to control thoughts and behavior. A person with neurosis may only need counseling or behavioral therapy.

4. The person with neurosis is aware of personal problems and difficulties whereas the person with psychosis does not realize the disorder.

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04/03/2026

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6. Mental health "second edition" K120
7. Mental health "third edition" K150
8. Nurses Handbook "preoperative management | post operative management | Management of normal labour" K100

04/03/2026

APPENDICITIS

By Chipo James Mainda

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a finger-shaped pouch that projects from the colon on the lower right side of the abdomen. It can be acute or chronic in onset. Appendicitis causes pain in the lower right abdomen. However, in most people, pain begins around the navel and then moves.

As inflammation worsens, appendicitis pain typically increases and eventually becomes severe. Although anyone can develop appendicitis, most often it occurs in people between the ages of 10 and 30. Standard treatment is surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy).

In many cases, the exact cause of appendicitis is unknown. Experts believe it develops when part of the appendix becomes obstructed, or blocked.
Many things can potentially block the appendix, including:
* A buildup of hardened stool
* Enlarged lymphoid follicles
* Intestinal worms
* Traumatic injury
* Tumors

Appendicitis can affect anyone. But some people may be more likely to develop this condition than others. Risk factors for appendicitis include:
* Age. Appendicitis most often affects teens and people in their 20s, but it can occur at any age
* S*x. Appendicitis is more common in males than females
* Family history. People who have a family history of appendicitis are at heightened risk of developing it

The appendix is a small pouch attached to the intestine. It’s located in the lower-right abdomen. When the appendix becomes blocked, bacteria can multiply inside it. This can lead to the formation of pus and swelling, which can cause painful pressure in the abdomen. Appendicitis can also block blood flow to the appendix.

Left untreated, appendicitis can cause the appendix to burst. This can cause bacteria to spill into the abdominal cavity, which can be serious and sometimes fatal

Signs and symptoms of appendicitis may include:
* Sudden pain that begins on the right side of the lower abdomen
* Sudden pain that begins around your navel and often shifts to the lower right abdomen
* Pain that worsens if you cough, walk or make other jarring movements
* Nausea and vomiting
* Loss of appetite
* Low-grade fever that may worsen as the illness progresses
* Constipation or diarrhea
* Abdominal bloating
* Flatulence

Treatment plan for appendicitis will most likely involve IV fluids, analgesia, needle drainage to drain an abscess, antibiotics followed by surgery to remove the appendix called appendectomy.

For more join our daily online lessons on WhatsApp 0977353901

03/03/2026

ANAEMIA

By Chipo James Mainda

Anemia happens when you don’t have enough red blood cells or your red blood cells don’t work as they should. Your red blood cells carry oxygen throughout your body. Oxygen powers your cells and gives you energy.

Without healthy red blood cells that do their job, your body doesn’t get the energy it needs to function. While some types of anemia are short-term and mild, others can last for a lifetime. Left untreated, anemia may be life-threatening.

People may be born with certain types of anemia or develop anemia because they have certain chronic diseases. But poor diet causes iron-deficiency anemia, which is the most common form of anemia. Fatigue (feeling too tired to manage your activities) is the most noticeable anemia symptom.

Other symptoms may include:
* Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
* Dizziness
* Fast or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
* Headache
* * Pale or yellow skin
* Chest pain

There are many anemia types, each causing red blood cell levels to drop.

NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIAS

These include:
* Pernicious anemia, one of the causes of vitamin B12 deficiency
* Iron-deficiency anemia. This happens when your body doesn’t have enough iron to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the substance in your red blood cells that enables them to carry oxygen throughout your body.
* Megaloblastic anemia, is a type of vitamin deficiency anemia that happens when you don’t get enough vitamin B12 and/or vitamin B9 (folate).

INHERITED ANAEMIAS

These include;
* Sickle cell anemia, changes your red blood cells’ shape, turning round flexible discs into stiff and sticky sickle cells that block blood flow.
* Diamond-Blackfan anemia. This inherited disorder keeps your bone marrow from making enough red blood cells.

ANAEMIAS CAUSED BY ABNORMAL RED BLOOD CELLS

These include;
* Hemolytic anemia. In this anemia, your red blood cells break down or die faster than usual.
* Aplastic anemia. This happens when stem cells in your bone marrow don’t make enough red blood cells.
* Macrocytic anemia. This anemia happens when your bone marrow makes unusually large red blood cells.
* Microcytic anemia. This anemia happens when your red blood cells don’t have enough hemoglobin so they’re smaller than usual.
* Normocytic anemia. In this type of anemia, you have fewer red blood cells than usual, and those red blood cells don’t have the normal amount of hemoglobin.

For more join our daily online lessons on WhatsApp 0977353901.

Nurses Zone Documentary

10/03/2026

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Monday	08:00 - 21:00
Tuesday	08:00 - 21:00
Wednesday	08:00 - 21:00
Thursday	08:00 - 21:00
Friday	08:00 - 17:00
Saturday	00:00 - 21:00
Sunday	08:00 - 21:00