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11/02/2025

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11/02/2025

20/06/2023

*BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA*

*DEFINITION*
Prostate gland enlargement is a common condition as men get older. Also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate gland enlargement can cause bothersome urinary symptoms. Untreated, prostate gland enlargement can block the flow of urine out of the bladder and cause bladder, urinary tract or kidney problems.

There are several effective treatments for prostate gland enlargement, including medications, minimally invasive therapies and surgery. To choose the best option, you and your doctor will consider your symptoms, the size of your prostate, other health conditions you might have and your preferences.

*SYMPTOMS*
The severity of symptoms in people who have prostate gland enlargement varies, but symptoms tend to gradually worsen over time. Common signs and symptoms of BPH include:

💔Frequent or urgent need to urinate
💔Increased frequency of urination at night (nocturia)
💔Difficulty starting urination
💔Weak urine stream or a stream that stops and starts
💔Dribbling at the end of urination
💔Straining while urinating
💔Inability to completely empty the bladder

Less common signs and symptoms include:

💔Urinary tract infection
💔Inability to urinate
💔Blood in the urine

The size of your prostate doesn't necessarily mean your symptoms will be worse. Some men with only slightly enlarged prostates can have significant symptoms, while other men with very enlarged prostates can have only minor urinary symptoms.

In some men, symptoms eventually stabilize and might even improve over time.

*Other possible causes of urinary symptoms*
Conditions that can lead to symptoms similar to those caused by enlarged prostate include:

💔Urinary tract infection
💔Inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis)
💔Narrowing of the urethra (urethral stricture)
💔Scarring in the bladder neck as a result of previous surgery
💔Bladder or kidney stones
💔Problems with nerves that control the bladder
💔Cancer of the prostate or bladder

*CAUSES*
The prostate gland is located beneath your bladder. The tube that transports urine from the bladder out of your p***s (urethra) passes through the center of the prostate. When the prostate enlarges, it begins to block urine flow.

Most men have continued prostate growth throughout life. In many men, this continued growth enlarges the prostate enough to cause urinary symptoms or to significantly block urine flow.

It isn't entirely clear what causes the prostate to enlarge. However, it might be due to changes in the balance of s*x hormones as men grow older.

*RISK FACTORS*
Risk factors for prostate gland enlargement include:

❤️ *Aging* . Prostate gland enlargement rarely causes signs and symptoms in men younger than age 40. About one-third of men experience moderate to severe symptoms by age 60, and about half do so by age 80.
Family history. Having a blood relative, such as a father or brother, with prostate problems means you're more likely to have problems.
❤️ *Ethnic background* . Prostate enlargement is less common in Asian men than in white and black men. Black men might experience symptoms at a younger age than white men.
❤️ *Diabetes and heart disease* . Studies show that diabetes, as well as heart disease and use of beta blockers, might increase the risk of BPH.
❤️ *Lifestyle* . Obesity increases the risk of BPH, while exercise can lower your risk.

*COMPLICATIONS*
Complications of enlarged prostate can include:

❤️ *Sudden inability to urinate (urinary retention).* You might need to have a tube (catheter) inserted into your bladder to drain the urine. Some men with an enlarged prostate need surgery to relieve urinary retention.
❤️ *Urinary tract infections (UTIs).* Inability to fully empty the bladder can increase the risk of infection in your urinary tract. If UTIs occur frequently, you might need surgery to remove part of the prostate.
❤️ *Bladder stones.* These are generally caused by an inability to completely empty the bladder. Bladder stones can cause infection, bladder irritation, blood in the urine and obstruction of urine flow.
❤️ *Bladder damage.* A bladder that hasn't emptied completely can stretch and weaken over time. As a result, the muscular wall of the bladder no longer contracts properly, making it harder to fully empty your bladder.
❤️ *Kidney damage.* Pressure in the bladder from urinary retention can directly damage the kidneys or allow bladder infections to reach the kidneys.

Most men with an enlarged prostate don't develop these complications. However, acute urinary retention and kidney damage can be serious health threats.

Having an enlarged prostate doesn't affect your risk of developing prostate cancer.

*LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES*
To help control the symptoms of an enlarged prostate, try to:

💚 *Limit beverages in the evening.* Don't drink anything for an hour or two before bedtime to avoid middle-of-the-night trips to the toilet.
💚 *Limit caffeine and alcohol.* They can increase urine production, irritate the bladder and worsen symptoms.
💚 *Limit decongestants or antihistamines.* These drugs tighten the band of muscles around the urethra that control urine flow, making it harder to urinate.
💚 *Go when you first feel the urge.* Waiting too long might overstretch the bladder muscle and cause damage.
💚 *Schedule bathroom visits.* Try to urinate at regular times — such as every four to six hours during the day — to "retrain" the bladder. This can be especially useful if you have severe frequency and urgency.
💚 *Follow a healthy diet.* Obesity is associated with enlarged prostate.
💚 *Stay active.* Inactivity contributes to urine retention. Even a small amount of exercise can help reduce urinary problems caused by an enlarged prostate.
💚 *Urinate — and then urinate again a few moments later.* This practice is known as double voiding.
💚 *Keep warm.* Colder temperatures can cause urine retention and increase the urgency to urinate.

Contact Green world health solutions 078 985 6113 Mr Mutoke

20/06/2023

Burning mouth syndrome

DEFINITION

🚨Burning mouth syndrome is the medical term for ongoing (chronic) or recurrent burning in the mouth without an obvious cause. The discomfort may affect your tongue, gums, lips, inside of your cheeks, roof of your mouth or widespread areas of your whole mouth. Burning mouth syndrome appears suddenly and can be severe, as if you scalded your mouth.

🚨Unfortunately, the cause of burning mouth syndrome often can't be determined. Although that makes treatment more difficult, don't despair. By working closely with your health care team, you can often get burning mouth syndrome under better control.

🚨Other names for burning mouth syndrome include scalded mouth syndrome, burning tongue syndrome, burning lips syndrome, stomatodynia and glossodynia.

SYMPTOMS

🚨Symptoms of burning mouth syndrome may include:

🚨A burning sensation that most commonly affects your tongue, but may also affect your lips, gums, palate, throat or whole mouth
🚨A sensation of dry mouth with increased thirst
🚨Taste changes, such as a bitter or metallic taste
🚨Loss of taste
🚨The discomfort from burning mouth syndrome typically has several different patterns. It may occur every day, with little discomfort when you wake, but become worse as the day progresses. Or it may start as soon as you wake up and last all day. Or discomfort may come and go.

🚨Whatever pattern of mouth discomfort you have, burning mouth syndrome may last for months to years. In rare cases, symptoms may suddenly go away on their own or become less frequent. Burning mouth syndrome usually doesn't cause any noticeable physical changes to your tongue or mouth.

CAUSES

🚨The cause of burning mouth syndrome can be classified as either primary or secondary.

Primary burning mouth syndrome

🚨When no clinical or lab abnormalities can be identified, the condition is called primary or idiopathic burning mouth syndrome. Some research suggests that primary burning mouth syndrome is related to problems with taste and sensory nerves of the peripheral or central nervous system.

Secondary burning mouth syndrome

🚨Sometimes burning mouth syndrome is caused by an underlying medical condition. In these cases, it's called secondary burning mouth syndrome.

🚨Underlying problems that may be linked to secondary burning mouth syndrome include:

🚨Dry mouth (xerostomia), which can be caused by various medications, health problems, problems with salivary gland function or the side effects of cancer treatment
🚨Other oral conditions, such as a fungal infection of the mouth (oral thrush), an inflammatory condition called oral lichen planus, or a condition called geographic tongue that gives the tongue a map-like appearance
🚨Nutritional deficiencies, such as lack of iron, zinc, folate (vitamin B-9), thiamin (vitamin B-1), riboflavin (vitamin B-2), pyridoxine (vitamin B-6) and cobalamin (vitamin B-12)
🚨Dentures, especially if they don't fit well, which can place stress on some muscles and tissues of your mouth, or if they contain materials that irritate mouth tissues
🚨Allergies or reactions to foods, food flavorings, other food additives, fragrances, dyes or dental-work substances
🚨Reflux of stomach acid (gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD) that enters your mouth from your stomach
🚨Certain medications, particularly high blood pressure medications called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
🚨Oral habits, such as tongue thrusting, biting the tip of the tongue and teeth grinding (bruxism)
🚨Endocrine disorders, such as diabetes or underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
🚨Excessive mouth irritation, which may result from overbrushing your tongue, using abrasive toothpastes, overusing mouthwashes or having too many acidic drinks, such as lemon
🚨Psychological factors, such as anxiety, depression or stress

RISK FACTORS

🚨Burning mouth syndrome is uncommon. However, your risk may be greater if:

🚨You're a woman
🚨You're postmenopausal
🚨You're in your 50s, 60s or even 70s.
🚨Burning mouth syndrome usually begins spontaneously, with no known triggering factor. But some studies suggest that certain factors may increase your risk of developing burning mouth syndrome. These risk factors may include:

🚨Upper respiratory tract infection
🚨Previous dental procedures
🚨Allergic reactions to food
🚨Medications
🚨Traumatic life events
🚨Stress
🚨Anxiety
🚨Depression

COMPLICATIONS

🚨Complications that burning mouth syndrome may cause or be associated with are mainly related to discomfort. They include:

🚨Difficulty falling asleep
🚨Depression
🚨Anxiety
🚨Difficulty eating
🚨Decreased socializing
🚨Impaired relationships

Contact Green world health solutions 078 985 6113