11/11/2025
Popular ideas about inflammation have lost touch with medical reality, Jason Liebowitz writes.
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Much of the culture has “latched onto inflammation and made it a catch-all term for ‘something amiss in the body’—a bête noire for wellness gurus, health influencers, and the ‘Make America Healthy Again’ movement,” Liebowitz writes. Alternative treatments have proliferated, even as conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases have become more effective than ever.
Andrew Weil, a Harvard Medical School graduate, is among the foremost health influencers responsible for pushing nontraditional ideas about inflammation into the mainstream. “Weil argues that following his anti-inflammatory food pyramid and taking up practices such as meditation, yoga, and tai chi can help prevent and treat these diseases of chronic inflammation,” Liebowitz writes.
When Liebowitz asked Weil for proof that these interventions work, based on randomized clinical trials, Weil told Liebowitz that he believes such studies are not necessary when an intervention is unlikely to cause harm. “I grade evidence on a sliding scale,” Weil said.
Still, ideas like Weil’s are enticing among people with autoimmune conditions, particularly if doctors cannot offer a simple explanation as to why these conditions developed in the first place, Liebowitz argues. “Conversations with patients about if and when to start medication have always been complex, but online lore about inflammation, coupled with declining confidence in doctors since the coronavirus pandemic, have made such discussions more fraught.”
Doctors caring for patients with autoimmune diseases have long thought of inflammation in precise terms: Cells of the immune system lodge in tissues and release messenger molecules, called cytokines, that rev up the body’s response to a perceived insult. In recent years, scientists have been able to identify many cytokines and create targeted therapies for a host of disabling, sometimes fatal, diseases. “Doctors like me can prescribe treatments that turn many debilitating diseases into manageable conditions,” Liebowitz continues.
🎨: Matteo Giuseppe Pani / The Atlantic. Source: DEA / G. Cigolini / De Agostini / Getty.